Nkhani

Monga gawo lofunika kwambiri la kuyesa zinthu zamakanika, kuyesa kwamphamvu kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga mafakitale, kufufuza zinthu ndi chitukuko, ndi zina zotero. Komabe, zolakwika zina zofala zimakhudza kwambiri kulondola kwa zotsatira za mayeso. Kodi mwaona izi?

1. Sensa ya mphamvu sikugwirizana ndi zofunikira zoyesera:

Sensa ya mphamvu ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakuyesa mphamvu, ndipo kusankha sensa ya mphamvu yoyenera n'kofunika kwambiri. Zolakwika zina zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri ndi monga: kusalinganiza sensa ya mphamvu, kugwiritsa ntchito sensa ya mphamvu yosiyana ndi malo osayenera, komanso kukalamba sensa ya mphamvu kuti ilepheretse.

Yankho:

Zinthu zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha sensa yamphamvu yoyenera kwambiri malinga ndi chitsanzo:

1. Mtundu wa sensa ya mphamvu:
Dziwani kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimafunika kutengera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimafunika pa chitsanzo chanu choyesera. Mwachitsanzo, pa zitsanzo za pulasitiki, ngati mphamvu yolimba komanso modulus ziyenera kuyezedwa, ndikofunikira kuganizira bwino kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zapezeka pa zotsatirazi ziwirizi kuti musankhe mphamvu yoyenera.

2. Kulondola ndi kulondola kwa zinthu:

Magawo olondola odziwika bwino a masensa amphamvu ndi 0.5 ndi 1. Potengera 0.5 mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri amatanthauza kuti cholakwika chachikulu chomwe chimaloledwa ndi makina oyezera chili mkati mwa ±0.5% ya mtengo womwe wawonetsedwa, osati ±0.5% ya sikelo yonse. Ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa izi.

Mwachitsanzo, pa sensa ya mphamvu ya 100N, poyesa mphamvu ya 1N, ±0.5% ya mtengo womwe wasonyezedwa ndi cholakwika cha ±0.005N, pomwe ±0.5% ya sikelo yonse ndi cholakwika cha ±0.5N.
Kukhala ndi kulondola sikutanthauza kuti mtunda wonsewo ndi wolondola mofanana. Payenera kukhala malire ochepa. Pakadali pano, zimatengera mtunda wolondola.
Potengera machitidwe osiyanasiyana oyesera mwachitsanzo, masensa amphamvu a UP2001 & UP-2003 amatha kukwaniritsa kulondola kwa mulingo wa 0.5 kuchokera pa mulingo wonse mpaka 1/1000 wa mulingo wonse.

Chogwirira ntchito sichili choyenera kapena ntchito yake ndi yolakwika:
Chogwirizira ndi njira yolumikizira sensa ya mphamvu ndi chitsanzo. Momwe mungasankhire chogwiriziracho chidzakhudza mwachindunji kulondola ndi kudalirika kwa mayeso okakamiza. Kuchokera ku mawonekedwe a mayeso, mavuto akulu omwe amayamba chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zida zosayenera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika ndi kutsetsereka kapena kusweka kwa nsagwada.

Kutsetsereka:

Kutsetsereka koonekeratu kwa chitsanzo ndi chitsanzo chomwe chikutuluka mu chogwirira kapena kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu kosazolowereka kwa kupindika. Kuphatikiza apo, zitha kuweruzidwanso polemba chizindikiro pafupi ndi malo ogwirira ntchito musanayesere kuti muwone ngati mzere wa chizindikiro uli patali ndi pamwamba pa malo ogwirira ntchito, kapena ngati pali chizindikiro chokoka pa chizindikiro cha dzino la malo ogwirira ntchito a chitsanzo.

Yankho:

Mukapeza kutsetsereka, choyamba tsimikizirani ngati chogwirira chamanja chalimba pogwira chitsanzo, ngati mpweya wa chogwirira cha mpweya ndi waukulu mokwanira, komanso ngati kutalika kwa chogwirira cha chitsanzo ndikokwanira.
Ngati palibe vuto ndi ntchitoyo, ganizirani ngati kusankha kogwirira kapena nkhope yogwirira ntchito ndikoyenera. Mwachitsanzo, mbale zachitsulo ziyenera kuyesedwa ndi nkhope zogwirira ntchito zokhala ndi mano m'malo mwa nkhope zogwirira ntchito zosalala, ndipo rabara yokhala ndi mawonekedwe akuluakulu iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zogwirira ntchito zodzitsekera zokha kapena zozungulira mpweya m'malo mwa zogwirira ntchito zozungulira zozungulira.

Kuswa nsagwada:
Yankho:

Nsagwada za chitsanzo zimasweka, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, zikasweka pamalo ogwirira. Mofanana ndi kutsetsereka, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira ngati mphamvu yogwirira pa chitsanzo ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ngati chogwirira kapena pamwamba pa nsagwada zasankhidwa moyenera, ndi zina zotero.
Mwachitsanzo, poyesa chingwe chokoka, mpweya wochuluka umapangitsa kuti chitsanzocho chisweke pa nsagwada, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale cholimba komanso chotalikirapo; poyesa filimu, nsagwada zokhala ndi rabara kapena nsagwada zolumikizana ndi waya ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa nsagwada zopindika kuti zisawononge chitsanzocho ndikupangitsa kuti filimuyo isagwire ntchito msanga.

3. Kusalingana bwino kwa unyolo wa katundu:

Kulinganiza kwa unyolo wonyamula katundu kungamveke mosavuta ngati mizere yapakati ya sensa ya mphamvu, chogwirira, adaputala ndi chitsanzo ili pamzere wowongoka. Poyesa kukoka, ngati kulinganiza kwa unyolo wonyamula katundu sikuli bwino, chitsanzo choyesera chidzapatsidwa mphamvu yowonjezera yopatuka panthawi yonyamula katundu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yosagwirizana isinthe ndikukhudza kutsimikizika kwa zotsatira za mayeso.

Yankho:

Mayeso asanayambe, pakati pa unyolo wonyamula katundu kupatula chitsanzocho payenera kufufuzidwa ndi kusinthidwa. Nthawi iliyonse chitsanzocho chikakanikizidwa, samalani ndi kusinthasintha pakati pa malo apakati a chitsanzocho ndi mzere wonyamula katundu wa unyolo wonyamula katundu. Mutha kusankha m'lifupi mwa kukanikiza pafupi ndi m'lifupi mwa kukanikiza kwa chitsanzocho, kapena kuyika chipangizo choyikira pakati cha chitsanzocho kuti chithandize kuyika bwino ndikuwonjezera kubwerezabwereza kwa kukanikiza.

4. Kusankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika magwero a kupsinjika:

Zipangizo zimasokonekera panthawi yoyesa kukoka. Zolakwika zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri poyesa kukoka (kusinthika) zimaphatikizapo kusankha kolakwika kwa komwe kumayesa kukoka, kusankha kosayenera kwa extensometer, kuyika kosayenera kwa extensometer, kuwerengera kolakwika, ndi zina zotero.

Yankho:

Kusankha kwa gwero la kupsinjika kumadalira mawonekedwe a chitsanzocho, kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwake, ndi zotsatira zofunikira pa mayeso.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kuyeza modulus ya pulasitiki ndi zitsulo, kugwiritsa ntchito muyeso wosuntha kwa beam kumabweretsa zotsatira zochepa za modulus. Pakadali pano, muyenera kuganizira kutalika kwa gauge ya chitsanzo ndi stroke yofunikira kuti musankhe extensometer yoyenera.

Pa mizere yayitali ya zojambulazo, zingwe ndi zitsanzo zina, kusuntha kwa mtanda kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza kutalika kwawo. Kaya mukugwiritsa ntchito mtanda kapena choyezera, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuonetsetsa kuti chimango ndi choyezera zayesedwa musanayambe kuyesa kukoka.

Nthawi yomweyo, onetsetsani kuti extensometer yayikidwa bwino. Siyenera kukhala yomasuka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti extensometer iterereke panthawi yoyesa, kapena yolimba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsanzocho chisweke pa tsamba la extensometer.

5. Kuchuluka kosayenera kwa zitsanzo:

Kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo za deta nthawi zambiri kumanyalanyazidwa. Kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo zochepa kungayambitse kutayika kwa deta yofunikira yoyesera ndikukhudza kutsimikizika kwa zotsatira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mphamvu yeniyeni yayikulu sinasonkhanitsidwe, zotsatira za mphamvu yayikulu zidzakhala zochepa. Ngati kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, zidzayesedwa mopitirira muyeso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti deta isachuluke.

Yankho:

Sankhani kuchuluka koyenera kwa zitsanzo kutengera zofunikira pa mayeso ndi mawonekedwe a zinthu. Lamulo lalikulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo za 50Hz. Komabe, kuti musinthe mwachangu, kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito polemba deta.

6. Zolakwika muyeso wa miyeso:

Zolakwika pa muyeso wa kukula zimaphatikizapo kusayesa kukula kwenikweni kwa chitsanzo, zolakwika pa malo oyezera, zolakwika pa zida zoyezera, ndi zolakwika pa zolowera mu muyeso.

Yankho:

Poyesa, kukula kwa chitsanzo chokhazikika sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji, koma muyeso weniweni uyenera kuchitidwa, apo ayi kupsinjika kungakhale kotsika kwambiri kapena kokwera kwambiri.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsanzo ndi makulidwe zimafuna mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zolumikizirana ndi mayeso komanso kulondola kwa chipangizo choyezera kukula kwake.

Chitsanzo nthawi zambiri chimayenera kuyeza miyeso ya malo angapo kuti chikhale chapakati kapena kutenga mtengo wocheperako. Samalani kwambiri njira yojambulira, kuwerengera, ndi kulowetsa kuti mupewe zolakwika. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo choyezera miyeso yokha, ndipo miyesoyo imayikidwa yokha mu pulogalamuyo ndikuwerengedwa mwachiwerengero kuti mupewe zolakwika zogwirira ntchito ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito a mayeso.

7. Cholakwika pa kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu:

Kungoti zipangizo zili bwino sizikutanthauza kuti zotsatira zake ndi zolondola. Miyezo yoyenera ya zipangizo zosiyanasiyana idzakhala ndi matanthauzo enieni ndi malangizo a mayeso a zotsatira za mayeso.

Zokonda mu pulogalamuyo ziyenera kutengera matanthauzidwe awa ndi malangizo a njira yoyesera, monga kuyika pasadakhale, kuchuluka kwa mayeso, kusankha mtundu wa mawerengedwe ndi zokonda zinazake.

Kuwonjezera pa zolakwika zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa zokhudzana ndi makina oyesera, kukonzekera zitsanzo, malo oyesera, ndi zina zotero zimakhudzanso kwambiri mayeso okakamiza ndipo ziyenera kusamalidwa.