Ngā Pūrongo

Aratau mahi ahurei, i muri i te whakamātautau, ka hoki te kāpata ki te pāmahana rūma hei tiaki i te hua i raro i te whakamātautau

Te tirotiro ataata whatunga tauine, ka taea te tukutahi me te whakamātautau raraunga

Te whakamaharatanga aunoa o te pūnaha whakahaere me te mahi hoahoa pūmanawa take hapa

Mata tae Pūnaha whakahaere 32-moka E Whakahaere Ethernet E, mahi urunga raraunga UCB

He mea hanga motuhake te horoi hau maroke hei tiaki i te hua e whakamatautauria ana mai i te huringa tere o te pāmahana nā te hauhautanga o te mata.

Awhe haumākū iti o te ahumahi 20℃/10% te kaha whakahaere

He pūnaha tuku wai aunoa, he pūnaha tātari wai parakore, me te mahi whakamaumahara mō te korenga o te wai.

Kia tutuki ai te whakamātautau ahotea o ngā hua taputapu hiko, te tukanga kore-mata, MIL-STD-2164, MIL-344A-4-16, MIL-2164A-19, NABMAT-9492, GJB-1032-90, GJB/Z34-5.1.6, IPC -9701...me ētahi atu whakaritenga whakamātautau. Kia mōhio: Ko te tikanga whakamātautau ōritetanga tohatoha pāmahana me te haumākū e hangai ana ki te ine wāhi whai hua o te tawhiti i waenga i te pouaka o roto me ia taha 1/10 (GB5170.18-87)

I roto i te tukanga mahi o ngā hua hiko, hei tāpiri atu ki ngā ahotea hiko pēnei i te ngaohiko me te ia o te kawenga hiko, kei roto hoki i te ahotea taiao te pāmahana teitei me te huringa pāmahana, te wiri miihini me te ru, te rehu haumākū me te tote, te pokanoa o te mara hikohiko, me ētahi atu. I raro i te mahi a te ahotea taiao kua whakahuatia ake nei, ka pāngia te hua e te hekenga o te mahi, te nekenekehanga o ngā tawhā, te waikura o ngā rauemi, me ētahi atu, tae noa ki te pakaru.

I muri i te hanganga o ngā hua hiko, mai i te tirotiro, te pupuri taonga, te kawe ki te whakamahi, me te tiaki, ka pāngia katoatia e te ahotea taiao, ka huri tonu ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-matū, ā-pūkaha me te hiko o te hua. Ka puhoi, ka poto rānei te tukanga whakarerekētanga, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo ahotea taiao me te nui o te ahotea.

Ko te ahotea pāmahana pumau e pā ana ki te pāmahana urupare o tētahi hua hiko ina mahi ana, ina rongoatia rānei i roto i tētahi taiao pāmahana. Ina nui ake te pāmahana urupare i te rohe e taea ai e te hua te tu atu, kāore e taea e te hua wāhanga te mahi i roto i te awhe tawhā hiko kua tohua, ka meinga pea te rauemi hua kia ngohengohe, kia rerekē te āhua, kia whakaiti rānei i te mahi whakamahana, kia wera rānei nā te wera nui. Mō te hua, ka pāngia te hua e te pāmahana teitei i tēnei wā. Ka taea e te ahotea, te ahotea pāmahana teitei te whakararu i te hua i roto i te wā poto o te mahi; ina kore te pāmahana urupare e nui ake i te awhe pāmahana whakahaere kua tohua o te hua, ka kitea te pānga o te ahotea pāmahana pumau i roto i te pānga o te mahi roa. Ko te pānga o te wā ka meinga te rauemi hua kia pakeke haere, ā, ka nekeneke, ka ngoikore rānei ngā tawhā mahi hiko, ā, ka mutu ka arahi ki te ngoikore o te hua. Mō te hua, ko te ahotea pāmahana i tēnei wā ko te ahotea pāmahana roa. Ko te ahotea pāmahana pumau e pā ana ki ngā hua hiko i ahu mai i te kawenga pāmahana taiao i te hua me te wera i hangaia e tōna ake whakamahinga hiko. Hei tauira, nā te ngoikore o te pūnaha whakamarara wera me te turuturu o te rere wera pāmahana teitei o ngā taputapu, ka nui ake te pāmahana o te wāhanga i te rohe o runga o te pāmahana e whakaaetia ana. Ka pāngia te wāhanga e te pāmahana teitei. Taumahatanga: I raro i te āhua mahi pumau mō te wā roa o te pāmahana o te taiao rokiroki, ka mau te hua i te ahotea pāmahana roa. Ka taea te whakatau i te kaha ātete pāmahana teitei o ngā hua hiko mā te whakamātautau tunu pāmahana teitei, ā, ka taea te aromatawai i te roa o te ora o ngā hua hiko i raro i te pāmahana roa mā te whakamātautau ora pumau (whakaterenga pāmahana teitei).

Ko te ahotea o te huringa pāmahana ko te tikanga ina kei roto ngā hua hiko i te āhua pāmahana e huri haere ana, nā te rerekētanga o ngā tauwehenga whānui wera o ngā rauemi mahi o te hua, ka pāngia te atanga rauemi e te ahotea wera i puta mai i ngā huringa pāmahana. Ina tino rerekē te pāmahana, ka pakaru tonu te hua, ka pakaru i te atanga rauemi. I tēnei wā, ka pāngia te hua e te ahotea nui rawa o te huringa pāmahana, e te ahotea ru pāmahana rānei; ina puhoi te huringa pāmahana, ka kitea te pānga o te ahotea huringa pāmahana mō te wā roa. Ka mau tonu te atanga rauemi ki te ahotea wera i puta mai i te huringa pāmahana, ā, ka puta pea he kino moroiti-ngatata i ētahi wāhi moroiti. Ka piki haere tēnei kino, ā, ka mutu ka pakaru, ka pakaru rānei te atanga rauemi hua. I tēnei wā, ka pāngia te hua e te pāmahana mō te wā roa. Te ahotea rerekē, te ahotea huringa pāmahana rānei. Ko te ahotea huringa pāmahana e pāngia ana e ngā hua hiko i ahu mai i te huringa pāmahana o te taiao kei reira te hua me tōna ake āhua whakawhiti. Hei tauira, ina neke mai i te whare mahana ki te whare makariri o waho, i raro i te hihi kaha o te rā, te ua ohorere, te rumaki rānei ki te wai, te huringa tere o te pāmahana mai i te whenua ki te teitei o te waka rererangi, te mahi wā poto i te taiao makariri, te rā e ara ake ana me te rā hoki i te wāhi. I roto i ngā huringa, te whakapiringa anō me te mahi anō i ngā waeine porowhita iti, ka pāngia te hua e te ahotea ru pāmahana; ka puta te taputapu i ngā huringa auau o te pāmahana āhuarangi taiao, ngā āhuatanga mahi wā poto, ngā huringa o te pāmahana whakahaere o te pūnaha taputapu tonu, me ngā huringa o te rahinga waea taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. I roto i ngā huringa o te kai hiko, ka pāngia te hua e te ahotea huringa pāmahana. Ka taea te whakamahi i te whakamātautau ru wera hei aromatawai i te ātete o ngā hua hiko ina pāngia e ngā huringa nui o te pāmahana, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i te whakamātautau huringa pāmahana hei aromatawai i te urutau o ngā hua hiko ki te mahi mō te wā roa i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei me te iti.

2. Te ahotea ā-mīhini

E toru ngā momo ahotea o te ahotea ā-pūkaha o ngā hua hiko: te wiri ā-pūkaha, te ru ā-pūkaha, me te whakaterenga pumau (te kaha porowhita).

Ko te ahotea wiri ā-mīhini e pā ana ki tētahi momo ahotea mīhini e puta mai ana i ngā hua hiko e huri haere ana i tētahi tūranga taurite i raro i te mahi a ngā kaha o waho o te taiao. Ka whakarōpūtia te wiri ā-mīhini ki te wiri kore utu, te wiri ā-kaha, me te wiri whakaoho-ake-ake i runga i ōna take; e ai ki te ture nekehanga o te wiri ā-mīhini, he wiri sinusoidal me he wiri matapōkere. He rerekē ngā kaha whakangaro o ēnei momo wiri e rua ki te hua, ko te mea whakamutunga he whakangaro. He nui ake, nō reira ko te nuinga o ngā aromatawai whakamātautau wiri e whakamahi ana i te whakamātautau wiri matapōkere. Ko te pānga o te wiri ā-mīhini ki ngā hua hiko ko te whakarerekētanga o te hua, te piko, te pakaru, te whati, me ētahi atu mea i puta mai i te wiri. Ko ngā hua hiko i raro i te ahotea wiri mō te wā roa ka pakaru ngā rauemi atanga hanganga nā te ngenge me te ngoikore o te ngenge ā-mīhini; ki te puta, ka arahi te haruru ki te pakaru o te pakaru nui rawa, ka puta he kino hanganga tonu ki ngā hua hiko. Ko te ahotea wiri ā-pūkaha o ngā hua hiko e ahu mai ana i te kawenga ā-pūkaha o te taiao mahi, pērā i te hurihuri, te pāorooro, te oscillation me ētahi atu kawenga ā-pūkaha taiao o ngā waka rererangi, ngā waka, ngā kaipuke, ngā waka rererangi me ngā hanganga ā-whenua, inā koa ka haria te hua i roto i te āhua kore mahi. Ā, hei wāhanga e mau ana ki te waka, ki te rangi rānei e mahi ana i raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi, he mea kore e taea te karo i te ahotea wiri ā-pūkaha. Ka taea te whakamahi i te whakamātautau wiri ā-pūkaha (ina koa te whakamātautau wiri matapōkere) hei aromatawai i te urutau o ngā hua hiko ki te wiri ā-pūkaha auau i te wā e whakahaerehia ana.

Ko te ahotea ru miihini e pā ana ki tētahi momo ahotea miihini i puta mai i te taunekeneke tika kotahi i waenga i tētahi hua hiko me tētahi atu mea (wāhanga rānei) i raro i te mahi a ngā kaha taiao o waho, ka hua ake he huringa ohorere o te kaha, te nekehanga, te tere, te whakaterenga rānei o te hua i te wā poto. I raro i te mahi a te ahotea pānga miihini, ka taea e te hua te tuku me te whakawhiti i te kaha nui i roto i te wā poto rawa, ka puta he kino nui ki te hua, pēnei i te mahi hē o te hua hiko, te whakatuwheratanga/poto tere, me te pakaru me te whati o te hanganga kete kua huihuia, me ētahi atu. He rerekē i te kino tāpiri i puta mai i te mahi roa o te wiri, ko te kino o te ru miihini ki te hua ka whakaatuhia hei tukunga kaha kukū. He nui ake te rahi o te whakamātautau wiri miihini, ā, he poto ake te roa o te pā o te wiri. Ko te uara tihi e puta ai te kino o te hua ko te pā matua. Ko te roanga o te he torutoru mirihekona ki te tekau mirihekona, ā, ka tere te pirau o te wiri i muri i te pā matua. Ko te nui o tēnei ahotea ru miihini ka whakatauhia e te whakaterenga tihi me te roa o te pā o te wiri. Ko te nui o te whakaterenga tihi e whakaata ana i te nui o te kaha pānga e pā ana ki te hua, ā, ko te pānga o te roa o te pā o te ru ki te hua e pā ana ki te auau tūturu o te hua. e pā ana. Ko te ahotea ru miihini e pā ana ki ngā hua hiko i ahu mai i ngā huringa nui o te āhua miihini o ngā taputapu hiko me ngā taputapu, pērā i te aukati ohorere me te pānga o ngā waka, ngā maturuturunga hau me ngā maturuturunga o ngā waka rererangi, ngā ahi pū, ngā pahūtanga pūngao matū, ngā pahūtanga karihi, ngā pahūtanga, me ētahi atu. Ko te pānga miihini, te kaha ohorere, te nekehanga ohorere rānei i puta mai i te uta me te tango, te kawe waka, te mahi mara rānei ka āwhina i te hua ki te tu atu i te pānga miihini. Ka taea te whakamahi i te whakamātautau ru miihini hei aromatawai i te urutau o ngā hua hiko (pēnei i ngā hanganga ara iahiko) ki ngā ru miihini kore-whakahoki i te wā e whakamahia ana me te kawe waka.

Ko te ahotea whakaterenga tonu (kaha pūwero) e pā ana ki tētahi momo kaha pūwero e puta mai ana i te huringa tonu o te ahunga nekehanga o te kawe i te wā e mahi ana ngā hua hiko i runga i tētahi kawe e neke ana. Ko te kaha pūwero he kaha ā-inertia mariko, e pupuri ana i te mea hurihuri kia matara atu i te pokapū hurihuri. He ōrite te rahi o te kaha pūwero me te kaha pūwero, ā, he rerekē te ahunga. Kia ngaro te kaha pūwero i hangaia e te kaha o waho ka ahu mai, ā, ka anga atu ki te pokapū o te porowhita, kāore te mea hurihuri e hurihuri. Engari, ka rere atu i te ahunga tānga o te ara hurihuri i tēnei wā, ā, ka pakaru te hua i tēnei wā. Ko te rahi o te kaha pūwero e pā ana ki te papatipu, te tere nekehanga me te whakaterenga (te whānui o te hurihuri) o te mea neke. Mō ngā wāhanga hiko kāore i te whakapirihia kia mau, ka puta te āhuatanga o te rere atu o ngā wāhanga nā te wehenga o ngā hononga whakarewa i raro i te mahi a te kaha pūwero. Kua rahua te hua. Ko te kaha whakatere e mau ana i ngā hua hikohiko i ahu mai i ngā āhuatanga mahi e huri haere tonu ana o ngā taputapu hikohiko me ngā taputapu i te ahunga nekehanga, pērā i ngā waka e rere ana, ngā waka rererangi, ngā rōkete, me ngā ahunga e huri haere ana, kia tū atu ai ngā taputapu hikohiko me ngā wāhanga o roto ki te kaha whakatere ehara i te kaha ā-papa. Ko te wā mahi mai i ētahi hēkona ki ētahi meneti. Hei tauira, i te rōkete, ina oti te huringa ahunga, ka ngaro te kaha whakatere, ā, ka huri anō te kaha whakatere ka mahi anō, ka hanga pea i tētahi kaha whakatere tonu mō te wā roa. Ka taea te whakamahi i te whakamātautau whakatere tonu (whakamātautau whakatere) hei aromatawai i te pakari o te hanganga whakarewa o ngā hua hikohiko, inā koa ngā wāhanga whakairi mata nui.

3. Te ahotea makuku

Ko te ahotea makuku e pā ana ki te ahotea makuku e pā ana ki ngā hua hiko ina mahi ana i roto i te taiao haumākū me te haumākū motuhake. He tino tairongo ngā hua hiko ki te haumākū. Kia neke ake te haumākū whanaunga o te taiao i te 30%RH, ka waikura pea ngā rauemi whakarewa o te hua, ā, ka heke, ka ngoikore rānei ngā tawhā mahi hiko. Hei tauira, i raro i ngā āhuatanga haumākū teitei mō te wā roa, ka heke te mahi whakamarumaru o ngā rauemi whakamarumaru i muri i te mimiti makuku, ka puta he ara iahiko poto, he ru hiko teitei rānei; ko ngā wāhanga hiko whakapā, pērā i ngā mono, ngā tūhono, me ētahi atu, ka waikura ina piri te makuku ki te mata, ka hua ake he kiriata waikura, ka whakanui ake i te ātete o te taputapu whakapā, ka ārai i te ara iahiko i ngā wā kino; i roto i te taiao tino makuku, ka puta he mura i te kohu, i te mamaoa wai rānei ina whakahohehia ngā hononga whakawhiti, ā, kāore e taea te mahi; he tairongo ake ngā maramara haurua-waenga ki te mamaoa wai, ina puta te mamaoa wai o te mata o te maramara. Hei ārai i te waikura o ngā wāhanga hiko e te mamaoa wai, ka whakamahia te hangarau whakakī, te hangarau takai hermetic rānei hei wehe i ngā wāhanga mai i te hauātea o waho me te parahanga. Ko te ahotea makuku e pā ana ki ngā hua hiko i ahu mai i te makuku i runga i te mata o ngā rauemi e piri ana i roto i te taiao mahi o ngā taputapu hiko me ngā taputapu me te makuku e uru ana ki roto i ngā wāhanga. Ko te rahi o te ahotea makuku e pā ana ki te taumata o te makuku o te taiao. Ko ngā rohe takutai tonga-mā-rāwhiti o tōku whenua he rohe he nui te makuku, inā koa i te kōanga me te raumati, ina eke te makuku whanaunga ki runga ake i te 90% RH, he raruraru kore e taea te karo i te awe o te makuku. Ka taea te aromatawai i te urutau o ngā hua hiko mō te whakamahi, te rokiroki rānei i raro i ngā āhuatanga makuku teitei mā te whakamātautau wera makuku pumau me te whakamātautau ātete makuku.

4. Te ahotea o te rehu tote

Ko te ahotea rehu tote e pā ana ki te ahotea rehu tote i runga i te mata o te rauemi ina mahi ngā hua hiko i roto i te taiao marara āhuarangi he mea tito mai i ngā pata iti kei roto he tote. Ko te kohu tote te nuinga o te wā ka ahu mai i te taiao āhuarangi moana me te taiao āhuarangi roto tote. Ko ōna wāhanga matua ko te NaCl me te mamaoa wai. Ko te noho o ngā iona Na+ me Cl- te pūtake o te waikura o ngā rauemi whakarewa. Ina piri te rehu tote ki te mata o te ārai, ka whakaitihia tōna ātete mata, ā, i muri i te mimiti o te ārai i te wai tote, ka heke tōna ātete rōrahi mā te 4 ngā whakahau o te kaha; ina piri te rehu tote ki te mata o ngā wāhanga miihini neke, ka piki ake nā te whakaputanga o ngā waikura. Mena ka piki ake te tauwehenga waku, ka piri pea ngā wāhanga neke; ahakoa e whakamahia ana te hangarau whakakī me te hiri hau hei karo i te waikura o ngā maramara haurua-ira, ka ngaro te mahi a ngā pine o waho o ngā taputapu hiko nā te waikura rehu tote; Ka taea e te waikura i runga i te PCB te whakapoto i ngā waea tata. Ko te ahotea rehu tote e mau ana i ngā hua hiko i ahu mai i te rehu tote i te āhuarangi. I ngā takutai moana, i ngā kaipuke, me ngā kaipuke, he nui te tote kei roto i te āhuarangi, ā, he pānga nui tēnei ki te takai o ngā wāhanga hiko. Ka taea te whakamahi i te whakamātautau rehu tote hei whakateretere i te waikura o te takai hiko hei aromatawai i te āheinga o te ātete ki te rehu tote.

5. Te ahotea hikohiko

Ko te ahotea hikohiko e pā ana ki te ahotea hikohiko e mau ana i tētahi hua hiko i roto i te mara hikohiko o ngā mara hiko me ngā mara aukume tauutuutu. E rua ngā āhuatanga o te mara hikohiko: te mara hiko me te mara aukume, ā, ko ōna āhuatanga e tohuhia ana e te kaha o te mara hiko E (te nekehanga hiko rānei D) me te kiato rerenga aukume B (te kaha o te mara aukume H rānei). I roto i te mara hikohiko, he hononga tata te mara hiko me te mara aukume. Mā te mara hiko e rerekē ana te wā ka puta te mara aukume, ā, mā te mara aukume e rerekē ana te wā ka puta te mara hiko. Mā te whakaoho tahi o te mara hiko me te mara aukume ka puta te nekehanga o te mara hikohiko hei hanga i tētahi ngaru hikohiko. Ka taea e ngā ngaru hikohiko te horapa i a rātou anō i roto i te korehau, i te matū rānei. Ka oho ngā mara hiko me ngā mara aukume i roto i te āhua ā-wāhanga, ā, he poutū tetahi ki tetahi. Ka neke rātou i roto i te āhua o ngā ngaru i te wāhi. Ko te mara hiko e neke ana, te mara aukume, me te ahunga horapa he poutū tetahi ki tetahi. Ko te tere horapa o ngā ngaru hikohiko i roto i te korehau ko te tere o te mārama (3×10 ^8m/s). Ko te tikanga, ko ngā ngaru hikohiko e pā ana ki te pokanoa hikohiko ko ngā ngaru reo irirangi me ngā ngaruiti. Ko te teitei ake o te auau o ngā ngaru hikohiko, ko te nui ake o te kaha o te irahiko hikohiko. Mō ngā hua wāhanga hiko, ko te pokanoa hikohiko (EMI) o te papa hikohiko te mea matua e pā ana ki te hototahi hikohiko (EMC) o te wāhanga. I ahu mai tēnei pūtake pokanoa hikohiko i te pokanoa i waenga i ngā wāhanga o roto o te wāhanga hiko me te pokanoa o ngā taputapu hiko o waho. Tērā pea he pānga nui ki te mahi me ngā mahi a ngā wāhanga hikohiko. Hei tauira, ki te puta he pokanoa hikohiko ki ngā taputapu hiko nā ngā wāhanga aukume o roto o te kōwae hiko DC/DC, ka pā tika ki ngā tawhā ngaohiko ripple putanga; ka uru tika te pānga o te irahiko auau reo irirangi ki ngā hua hikohiko ki te ara iahiko o roto mā te anga hua, ka huri rānei hei Whakahaere i te whakatoi ka uru ki te hua. Ka taea te aromatawai i te kaha ārai-hikohiko o ngā wāhanga hikohiko mā te whakamātautau hototahi hikohiko me te kimi matawai papa tata papa hikohiko.