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Yanayin aiki na musamman, bayan gwajin, majalisar za ta dawo zuwa zafin daki don kare samfurin da ake gwadawa

Salon bidiyo na cibiyar sadarwa mai daidaitawa, aiki tare da gwajin bayanai

Sarrafa tsarin kula da tunatarwa ta atomatik da aikin ƙirar software na kuskure

Allon launi 32-bit tsarin sarrafawa E Ethernet E gudanarwa, aikin samun damar bayanai na UCB

Tsaftace iska mai bushewa ta musamman don kare samfurin da ake gwadawa daga saurin canjin zafin jiki saboda ƙanƙara

Ƙananan zafi kewayon masana'antu 20 ℃ / 10% ikon sarrafawa

An sanye shi da tsarin samar da ruwa ta atomatik, tsarin tace ruwa mai tsabta da aikin tunatarwa na ƙarancin ruwa

Haɗu da nuna damuwa na samfuran kayan aikin lantarki, tsari mara izini, MIL-STD-2164, MIL-344A-4-16, MIL-2164A-19, NABMAT-9492, GJB-1032-90, GJB/Z34-5.1. 6, IPC -9701...da sauran buƙatun gwaji.Lura: Hanyar gwajin daidaituwar yanayin zafin jiki da zafi rarraba ya dogara ne akan ingantaccen ma'aunin sararin samaniya na nisa tsakanin akwatin ciki da kowane gefe 1/10 (GB5170.18-87)

A cikin tsarin aiki na samfuran lantarki, ban da damuwa na lantarki kamar ƙarfin lantarki da na yanzu na nauyin lantarki, damuwa na muhalli kuma ya haɗa da yanayin zafi da yanayin zafi, rawar jiki da girgiza, zafi da feshin gishiri, tsangwama na filin lantarki, da dai sauransu. Ayyukan damuwa na muhalli da aka ambata a sama, samfurin na iya fuskantar lalacewar aiki, juzu'i na siga, lalata kayan abu, da sauransu, ko ma gazawa.

Bayan an ƙera samfuran lantarki, daga nunawa, ƙididdiga, sufuri don amfani, da kiyayewa, duk damuwa na muhalli yana shafar su, yana haifar da yanayin jiki, sinadarai, injiniyoyi da kayan lantarki na samfur don canzawa gabaɗaya.Tsarin canji na iya zama a hankali ko Mai wucewa, ya dogara gaba ɗaya akan nau'in damuwa na muhalli da girman damuwa.

Tsayayyen yanayin zafin jiki yana nufin zafin amsawar samfurin lantarki lokacin da yake aiki ko adana shi a wani yanayin zafin jiki.Lokacin da zafin amsawa ya wuce iyakar da samfurin zai iya jurewa, samfurin ɓangaren ba zai iya yin aiki a cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon ma'aunin lantarki ba, wanda zai iya sa kayan samfurin suyi laushi da lalacewa ko rage aikin rufin, ko ma ƙonewa saboda. zuwa zafi fiye da kima.Don samfurin, samfurin yana fallasa zuwa babban zafin jiki a wannan lokacin.Damuwa, matsanancin zafi fiye da damuwa na iya haifar da gazawar samfur a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci na aiki;lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na amsawa bai wuce ƙayyadadden kewayon zafin aiki na samfur ba, tasirin matsananciyar yanayin zafi yana bayyana a cikin tasirin aikin dogon lokaci.Tasirin lokaci yana sa kayan samfur ɗin su tsufa a hankali, kuma sigogin aikin lantarki suna yawo ko rashin ƙarfi, wanda a ƙarshe yana haifar da gazawar samfur.Don samfurin, matsananciyar zafin jiki a wannan lokacin shine matsananciyar zafin jiki na dogon lokaci.Tsayayyen yanayin zafi da samfuran lantarki ke fuskanta ya fito ne daga nauyin zafin yanayi a samfurin da zafin da ake samu ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki.Alal misali, saboda gazawar tsarin zubar da zafi da kuma yawan zafin jiki mai zafi na kayan aiki, yanayin zafin jiki zai wuce iyakar iyakar zafin da aka yarda.An fallasa ɓangaren zuwa babban zafin jiki.Damuwa: Ƙarƙashin ingantaccen yanayin aiki na dogon lokaci na yanayin yanayin ajiya, samfurin yana ɗaukar damuwa na zafin jiki na dogon lokaci.Za'a iya ƙayyade iyakar ƙarfin juriyar zafin jiki na samfuran lantarki ta hanyar gwajin gwajin gasa mai zafi, kuma ana iya kimanta rayuwar sabis na samfuran lantarki a ƙarƙashin zafin jiki na dogon lokaci ta hanyar gwajin rayuwa mai tsayi (haɓakar zafin zafi).

Canza yanayin zafi yana nufin cewa lokacin da samfuran lantarki ke cikin yanayin yanayin zafi mai canzawa, saboda bambance-bambance a cikin haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar thermal na kayan aikin samfur, ƙirar kayan aikin tana fuskantar matsanancin zafi ta hanyar canjin zafin jiki.Lokacin da zafin jiki ya canza sosai, samfurin na iya fashe nan take kuma ya gaza a wurin haɗin kayan.A wannan lokacin, samfurin yana fuskantar matsananciyar canjin zafin jiki ko matsananciyar girgiza;lokacin da canjin yanayin zafi ya yi jinkirin jinkirin, tasirin canjin yanayin zafi yana nunawa na dogon lokaci Mai amfani da kayan aiki yana ci gaba da tsayayya da yanayin zafi da canjin yanayin zafi ya haifar, kuma lalacewar micro-cracking na iya faruwa a wasu ƙananan wurare.Wannan lalacewa a hankali yana taruwa, a ƙarshe yana haifar da fashewar haɗin kayan samfur ko ɓarna asara.A wannan lokacin, samfurin yana fuskantar zafin jiki na dogon lokaci.Matsananciyar damuwa ko yawan zafin jiki na hawan keke.Canjin yanayin zafi da samfuran lantarki ke jure wa ya fito ne daga canjin yanayin yanayin da samfurin yake da yanayin sauyawa nasa.Misali, lokacin motsawa daga cikin gida mai dumi zuwa waje mai sanyi, ƙarƙashin hasken rana mai ƙarfi, ruwan sama na kwatsam ko nutsewa cikin ruwa, saurin zafin jiki yana canzawa daga ƙasa zuwa tsayin jirgin sama, aiki na tsaka-tsaki a cikin yanayin sanyi, fitowar rana da fitowar rana. baya rana a sararin samaniya A cikin yanayin canje-canje, reflow soldering da rework na microcircuit modules, samfurin yana fuskantar matsananciyar girgiza zafin jiki;Ana haifar da kayan aiki ta hanyar canje-canje na lokaci-lokaci a yanayin yanayin yanayi na yanayi, yanayin aiki na tsaka-tsaki, canje-canje a yanayin zafin aiki na tsarin kayan aiki da kansa, da canje-canjen kayan aikin sadarwa suna kiran ƙara.A cikin yanayin jujjuyawar amfani da wutar lantarki, samfurin yana fuskantar matsananciyar hawan keke.Ana iya amfani da gwajin girgiza thermal don kimanta juriya na samfuran lantarki lokacin da aka sami babban canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki, kuma ana iya amfani da gwajin zagayowar zafin jiki don kimanta daidaitawar samfuran lantarki don yin aiki na dogon lokaci a ƙarƙashin canjin yanayi mai girma da ƙarancin zafin jiki. .

2. Damuwar injina

Matsalolin inji na samfuran lantarki sun haɗa da nau'ikan damuwa guda uku: girgiza injina, girgiza injina, da haɓakawa akai-akai (ƙarfin centrifugal).

Damuwar girgizar injina tana nufin wani nau'in damuwa na injina da samfuran lantarki ke haifarwa a kusa da wani ma'auni na ma'auni ƙarƙashin aikin sojojin waje na muhalli.An rarraba girgizar injina zuwa girgizar kyauta, girgizar tilastawa, da girgizar kai mai jin daɗi bisa ga dalilansa;bisa ga dokar motsi na girgizar injin, akwai girgizar sinusoidal da bazuwar girgiza.Waɗannan nau'ikan jijjiga guda biyu suna da ƙarfi daban-daban na ɓarna akan samfurin, yayin da na ƙarshen yana lalata.Ya fi girma, don haka yawancin ƙimar gwajin girgiza suna ɗaukar gwajin girgiza bazuwar.Tasirin girgizar injin akan samfuran lantarki ya haɗa da nakasar samfur, lankwasawa, tsagewa, karaya, da dai sauransu lalacewa ta hanyar girgiza.Kayayyakin lantarki a ƙarƙashin damuwa na girgiza na dogon lokaci za su haifar da kayan haɗin ginin tsarin su fashe saboda gajiya da gazawar injin injin;idan ya faru Resonance yana haifar da gazawar fashewar damuwa, yana haifar da lalacewa nan take ga samfuran lantarki.Matsakaicin girgizar injin na samfuran lantarki ya fito ne daga nauyin injin na yanayin aiki, kamar jujjuyawar, bugun jini, oscillation da sauran nauyin injin mahalli na jirgin sama, motoci, jiragen ruwa, motocin iska da tsarin injin ƙasa, musamman lokacin jigilar samfur. a cikin yanayin da ba na aiki Kuma a matsayin abin hawa mai hawa ko iska a cikin aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki, babu makawa a jure damuwa na girgiza injina.Ana iya amfani da gwajin girgizar injina (musamman gwajin girgizawar bazuwar) don kimanta daidaitawar samfuran lantarki zuwa maimaita girgizar inji yayin aiki.

Damuwar girgiza injina tana nufin wani nau'in damuwa na inji wanda ke haifar da hulɗa kai tsaye tsakanin samfurin lantarki da wani abu (ko sashi) ƙarƙashin aikin sojojin muhalli na waje, wanda ke haifar da canji kwatsam cikin ƙarfi, ƙaura, gudu ko haɓakar abubuwan Samfuri a nan take Karkashin aikin danniya na inji, samfurin na iya saki da canja wurin makamashi mai yawa a cikin kankanin lokaci, yana haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga samfurin, kamar haifar da rashin aiki na samfur na lantarki, buɗewa/gajeren kewayawa nan take, da fashewa da karaya. na tsarin kunshin da aka tattara, da dai sauransu.Daban-daban da lalacewar tarawa da ke haifarwa ta hanyar dogon lokaci na rawar jiki, lalacewar girgizar injina ga samfurin yana bayyana azaman ƙaddamar da sakin kuzari.Girman gwajin girgiza injin ya fi girma kuma lokacin bugun bugun ya fi guntu.Ƙimar kololuwar da ke haifar da lalacewar samfur shine babban bugun jini.Tsawon lokacin shine 'yan milliseconds kawai zuwa dubun millise seconds, kuma girgiza bayan babban bugun jini yana lalacewa da sauri.Girman wannan damuwa na girgiza injina ana ƙaddara ta mafi girman hanzari da tsawon lokacin bugun bugun.Girman haɓakar kololuwar yana nuna girman tasirin tasirin da aka yi amfani da shi akan samfurin, kuma tasirin lokacin bugun bugun jini akan samfurin yana da alaƙa da mitar samfurin.masu alaka.Damuwar girgizar injin da samfuran lantarki ke ɗauke da su sun fito ne daga sauye-sauye masu yawa a cikin yanayin injina na kayan lantarki da kayan aiki, kamar birki na gaggawa da tasirin ababen hawa, faɗuwar iska da faɗuwar jirgin sama, gobarar bindigogi, fashewar makamashin sinadarai, fashewar makaman nukiliya, fashe-fashe, Da dai sauransu. Tasirin injina, ƙarfin kwatsam ko motsi na kwatsam wanda ya haifar ta hanyar lodi da saukewa, sufuri ko aikin filin zai kuma sa samfurin ya yi tsayayya da tasirin inji.Ana iya amfani da gwajin girgiza injina don kimanta daidaitawar samfuran lantarki (kamar sifofin da'ira) zuwa girgizar injin da ba maimaituwa ba yayin amfani da sufuri.

Ƙaddamar da hanzari (ƙarfin centrifugal) damuwa yana nufin wani nau'i na centrifugal da aka haifar ta hanyar ci gaba da canji na jagorancin motsi na mai ɗauka lokacin da kayan lantarki ke aiki a kan mai motsi.Ƙarfin Centrifugal wani ƙarfin da ba zai iya aiki ba ne, wanda ke kiyaye abin da ke juyawa daga tsakiyar juyawa.Ƙarfin centrifugal da ƙarfin centripetal suna daidai da girma da kuma akasin shugabanci.Da zarar ƙarfin centripetal da aka samu ta hanyar sakamakon ƙarfin waje kuma aka nufi tsakiyar da'irar ya ɓace, abin da ke juyawa ba zai ƙara jujjuyawa ba maimakon haka, yana tashi tare da tangential na waƙar juyawa a wannan lokacin, kuma samfurin ya lalace a lokacin. wannan lokacin.Girman ƙarfin centrifugal yana da alaƙa da taro, saurin motsi da hanzari (radius na juyawa) na abu mai motsi.Don kayan aikin lantarki waɗanda ba a haɗa su da ƙarfi ba, lamarin abubuwan abubuwan da ke tashi saboda rarrabuwa na haɗin gwiwar solder zai faru a ƙarƙashin aikin ƙarfin centrifugal.Samfurin ya gaza.Ƙarfin centrifugal wanda samfuran lantarki ke ɗauka ya fito ne daga ci gaba da canza yanayin aiki na kayan lantarki da kayan aiki a cikin alkiblar motsi, kamar motocin gudu, jirage, roka, da canza kwatance, ta yadda kayan lantarki da abubuwan ciki na ciki su yi tsayin daka da ƙarfin centrifugal. banda nauyi.Lokacin wasan yana daga ƴan daƙiƙa zuwa ƴan mintuna.Ɗaukar roka a matsayin misali, da zarar an kammala canjin alƙawarin, ƙarfin tsakiya ya ɓace, kuma ƙarfin tsakiya ya sake canzawa kuma ya sake yin aiki, wanda zai iya haifar da karfi na tsakiya na dogon lokaci.Za'a iya amfani da gwajin saurin ci gaba na yau da kullun (gwajin centrifugal) don kimanta ƙarfin tsarin walda na samfuran lantarki, musamman manyan abubuwan hawa saman ƙasa.

3. Damuwar danshi

Damuwar danshi yana nufin danshin danshin da samfuran lantarki ke jurewa lokacin aiki a cikin yanayin yanayi tare da wani danshi.Kayan lantarki suna da matukar damuwa ga zafi.Da zarar danƙon dangi na mahalli ya wuce 30% RH, kayan ƙarfe na samfurin na iya lalacewa, kuma sigogin aikin lantarki na iya yin shuɗi ko rashin ƙarfi.Alal misali, a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai tsayi na dogon lokaci, aikin rufewa na kayan haɓakawa yana raguwa bayan shayar da danshi, yana haifar da gajeren da'ira ko girgizar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi;tuntuɓar kayan aikin lantarki, irin su matosai, kwasfa, da dai sauransu, suna da haɗari ga lalata lokacin da danshi ya haɗe zuwa saman, wanda ya haifar da fim din oxide , Wanda ya kara yawan juriya na na'urar sadarwa, wanda zai sa za a toshe kewaye a cikin lokuta masu tsanani. ;a cikin yanayi mai tsananin sanyi, hazo ko tururin ruwa zai haifar da tartsatsi lokacin da aka kunna lambobin sadarwa kuma ba za su iya aiki ba;Semiconductor chips sun fi kula da tururin ruwa, sau ɗaya guntu saman tururin ruwa Don hana abubuwan da ke tattare da lantarki daga gurɓatar da tururin ruwa, ana amfani da fasahar marufi ko hermetic don ware abubuwan da ke tattare da yanayin waje da gurɓatawa.Damshin danshin da samfuran lantarki ke ɗauka yana fitowa ne daga danshin saman abubuwan da aka makala a cikin yanayin aiki na kayan aiki da kayan aikin lantarki da danshin da ke shiga cikin sassan.Girman danshin danshi yana da alaƙa da matakin zafi na muhalli.Yankunan kudu maso gabas na bakin teku na ƙasata sune wuraren da ke da zafi mai yawa, musamman a lokacin bazara da lokacin rani, lokacin da yanayin zafi ya kai sama da 90% RH, tasirin zafi matsala ce da ba za a iya kaucewa ba.Ana iya ƙididdige daidaitawar samfuran lantarki don amfani ko adanawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi ta wurin gwajin damshin jita-jita da gwajin juriya na zafi.

4. Gishiri fesa damuwa

Matsakaicin fesa gishiri yana nufin damuwa na fesa gishiri a saman kayan lokacin da samfuran lantarki ke aiki a cikin yanayin tarwatsewar yanayi wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan ɗigon ruwa mai ɗauke da gishiri.Hazo na gishiri gabaɗaya yana fitowa ne daga yanayin yanayin ruwa da yanayin yanayin tafkin gishirin cikin ƙasa.Babban abubuwan da ke tattare da shi sune NaCl da tururin ruwa.Kasancewar Na+ da Cl-ions shine tushen lalata kayan ƙarfe.Lokacin da gishirin gishiri ya manne a saman insulator, zai rage juriyarsa, kuma bayan insulator ya sha ruwan gishiri, juriyarsa zai ragu da umarni 4;lokacin da gishirin gishiri ya manne a saman sassan sassan injin motsi, zai karu saboda haɓakar lalata.Idan an ƙara yawan juzu'i, sassa masu motsi na iya zama makale;ko da yake an yi amfani da fasahar rufewa da fasahar rufe iska don guje wa lalatawar kwakwalwan kwamfuta na semiconductor, fil ɗin waje na na'urorin lantarki ba makawa sau da yawa za su rasa aikinsu saboda lalatawar gishiri;Lalacewa akan PCB na iya ɗan gajeren zango na kusa da wayoyi.Matsakaicin feshin gishiri wanda samfuran lantarki ke ɗauke da shi yana fitowa daga feshin gishiri a cikin yanayi.A cikin yankunan bakin teku, jiragen ruwa, da jiragen ruwa, yanayin yana dauke da gishiri mai yawa, wanda ke da tasiri mai tsanani a kan marufi na kayan lantarki.Za a iya amfani da gwajin feshin gishiri don hanzarta lalata fakitin lantarki don kimanta daidaitawar juriyar feshin gishiri.

5. Damuwar wutar lantarki

Danniya na lantarki yana nufin damuwa na lantarki wanda samfurin lantarki ke ɗauka a cikin filin lantarki na musanya filayen lantarki da na maganadisu.Filin lantarki ya haɗa da abubuwa biyu: filin lantarki da filin maganadisu, kuma halayensa suna wakilta da ƙarfin filin lantarki E (ko ƙaurawar wutar lantarki D) da ƙarancin ƙarfin maganadisu B (ko ƙarfin filin maganadisu H) bi da bi.A cikin filin lantarki, filin lantarki da filin maganadisu suna da alaƙa da juna.Filayen lantarki da ke canzawa lokaci zai haifar da filin maganadisu, kuma filin maganadisu mai canzawa zai haifar da filin lantarki.Haɗin gwiwar juna na filin lantarki da filin maganadisu yana haifar da motsi na filin lantarki don samar da igiyoyin lantarki.Raƙuman wutar lantarki na iya yaduwa da kansu a cikin sarari ko kwayoyin halitta.Filayen lantarki da na maganadisu suna oscillate a cikin lokaci kuma suna tsaye da juna.Suna motsawa a cikin nau'in raƙuman ruwa a sararin samaniya.Filin lantarki mai motsi, filin maganadisu, da jagorar yaɗawa suna daidai da juna.Gudun yaduwa na igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki a cikin injin motsa jiki shine saurin haske (3 × 10 ^ 8m / s).Gabaɗaya, igiyoyin lantarki da ke da alaƙa da tsangwama na lantarki sune igiyoyin rediyo da microwaves.Mafi girman mitar igiyoyin lantarki, mafi girman ƙarfin hasken lantarki.Don samfuran kayan aikin lantarki, tsangwama na lantarki (EMI) na filin lantarki shine babban abin da ke shafar daidaituwar wutar lantarki (EMC) na bangaren.Wannan tushen katsalandan na lantarki ya fito ne daga tsoma bakin juna tsakanin abubuwan cikin na'urorin lantarki da tsoma bakin kayan lantarki na waje.Yana iya yin tasiri mai tsanani akan ayyuka da ayyuka na kayan lantarki.Misali, idan abubuwan maganadisu na cikin na'urar wutar lantarki ta DC/DC ta haifar da tsangwama ga na'urorin lantarki, kai tsaye zai shafi sigogin wutar lantarki na fitarwa;Tasirin mitar rediyo akan samfuran lantarki kai tsaye zai shiga da'irar ciki ta cikin harsashi, ko kuma a canza shi zuwa Gudanar da hargitsi kuma shigar da samfurin.Ana iya ƙididdige ƙarfin kutse na kayan aikin lantarki ta hanyar gwajin dacewa na lantarki da filin lantarki kusa da gano sikanin filin.