Iindaba

I-ASTM, i-ISO, kunye ne-SATRA zezona migangatho mithathu iphambili yehlabathi yokuhlolwa komgangatho wokwenziwa, uphicotho lweefektri, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwemveliso kwamanye amazwe. Abavelisi abaninzi bajongene neengxelo zovavanyo ezingachanekanga, ukusilela kophicotho, kunye nokwaliwa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yokukhethwa okungafanelekanga kwemigangatho kunye nezixhobo zovavanyo ezingahambelaniyo. Ukukhetha imigangatho efanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezihambelanayo kubalulekile ekunikezelweni kwemveliso kwihlabathi liphela ngokulula.

Eli nqaku licacisa amashishini afanelekileyo kunye neemfuno zokuthobela imigangatho emithathu ephambili, linceda amashishini ukuba akhethe izixhobo zokuvavanya ezifanelekileyo kwaye akhe iilabhoratri ezisemgangathweni nezisemgangathweni.

I-ASTM ngumgangatho osemthethweni owaziwayo eMntla Melika. Igubungela amashishini aquka irabha kunye neplastiki, ukupakisha, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, kunye nezixhobo zokwakha, esebenza njengesiseko esiphambili sokuthobela uhlolo lwabathengi, ukususwa kwerhafu, kunye nokwamkelwa kwee-odolo kwiimarike zaseMntla Melika.

Ibonisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu kovavanyo kunye nemigangatho yovavanyo olungqongqo, i-ASTM ifuna ukuba abavelisi abajolise kwiimarike zaseMntla Melika eziphezulu bamkeleIzixhobo zovavanyo zobungcali eziqinisekisiweyo yi-ASTMukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokufikelela kuthungelwano lobonelelo lweempawu.

I-ISO yeyona migangatho ihambelanayo nehlabathi liphela, esebenza ekuthunyelweni kwemveliso kwihlabathi liphela, ukuqinisekiswa kwenkqubo yomgangatho, kunye nolawulo lomgangatho wemihla ngemihla kuwo onke amacandelo okuvelisa.

Igxininisa kwiinkqubo zovavanyo ezisemgangathweni kunye nedatha elandelekayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sisikhokelo esiphambili solawulo lomgangatho wemveliso ngobuninzi, ukwakhiwa kwelebhu, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemveliso ngokubanzi. Imigangatho ye-ISO iyahambelana nezixhobo ezininzi zovavanyo ezisetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela.

I-SATRA ngumgangatho okhethekileyo ogunyazisiweyo wezihlangu, ulusu, kunye neemveliso zelaphu. Isebenza njengovavanyo oluyimfuneko kunye nesidingo sokuhlolwa kokuthunyelwa kweemveliso zezihlangu zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana neNike kunye neAdidas, kwaye ayinakuthathelwa indawo yimigangatho yovavanyo ngokubanzi.

Ngeeparameters kunye neenkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokuxhathisa ukurhawuzelelwa, ukuba nombala ungakhawulezi, ukumelana nokugoba, kunye nezinye iimvavanyo eziphathelele izihlangu,Izixhobo zovavanyo zobungcali ezihambelana ne-SATRA ziyimfunekoukuphumelela uhlolo lweempawu kunye nokuhlolwa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

Le migangatho mithathu isebenza kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa endaweni yokubeka umgangatho ophezulu okanye ophantsi. I-ASTM isebenza kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezikumgangatho ophezulu eMntla Melika, i-ISO yolawulo lomgangatho jikelele lwehlabathi, kunye ne-SATRA kuphela kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zezihlangu kunye neemveliso zesikhumba. Imigangatho kunye nezixhobo ezingahambelaniyo zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zokusilela kokuthobela imithetho.

Ukuthobela umgangatho ngempumelelo kuxhomekeke ekuhambelaneni ngokugqibeleleyo kwemigangatho, izixhobo, kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza. Zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zovavanyo zobungcali ezihambelana nemigangatho, amashishini anokuqinisekisa idatha yovavanyo echanekileyo nelandelekayo, aphumelele uphicotho-zincwadi lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye neziqinisekiso ngokufanelekileyo, andise ukufikelela kwimarike yehlabathi, kwaye aphucule ukhuphiswano lwemveliso iyonke.