Iindaba

Kuvavanyo lwemihla ngemihla, ukongeza kwiiparamitha zokuchaneka kwezixhobo ngokwazo, ngaba wakha wacinga ngempembelelo yokulinganiswa kobungakanani besampulu kwiziphumo zovavanyo? Eli nqaku liza kudibanisa imigangatho kunye namatyala athile ukunika iingcebiso malunga nokulinganiswa kobungakanani bezixhobo ezithile eziqhelekileyo.

1. Impazamo ekulinganiseni ubungakanani besampulu ichaphazela kangakanani iziphumo zovavanyo?

Okokuqala, inkulu kangakanani impazamo ebangelwe yimpazamo. Umzekelo, kwimpazamo efanayo ye-0.1mm, kubungakanani be-10mm, impazamo yi-1%, kwaye kubungakanani be-1mm, impazamo yi-10%;

Okwesibini, ubungakanani bunempembelelo engakanani kwisiphumo. Kwifomula yokubala amandla okugoba, ububanzi bunempembelelo yolandelelwano lokuqala kwisiphumo, ngelixa ubukhulu bunempembelelo yolandelelwano lwesibini kwisiphumo. Xa impazamo ehambelanayo ifana, ubukhulu bunempembelelo enkulu kwisiphumo.
Umzekelo, ububanzi obuqhelekileyo kunye nobukhulu besampuli yovavanyo lokugoba yi-10mm kunye ne-4mm ngokulandelanayo, kwaye imodulus yokugoba yi-8956MPa. Xa ubungakanani bokwenyani besampuli bufakwa, ububanzi kunye nobukhulu buyi-9.90mm kunye ne-3.90mm ngokulandelanayo, imodulus yokugoba iba yi-9741MPa, ukwanda okuphantse kube yi-9%.

2. Isebenza njani izixhobo zokulinganisa ubungakanani besampuli eziqhelekileyo?

Izixhobo zokulinganisa ubukhulu ezixhaphakileyo okwangoku ikakhulu zii-micrometer, ii-calipers, ii-thickness gauges, njl.

Uluhlu lwee-micrometer eziqhelekileyo ngokubanzi aludluli kwi-30mm, isisombululo yi-1μm, kwaye impazamo ephezulu yokubonisa imalunga ne-±(2~4)μm. Isisombululo see-micrometer ezichanekileyo sinokufikelela kwi-0.1μm, kwaye impazamo ephezulu yokubonisa yi-±0.5μm.

I-micrometer inexabiso lamandla okulinganisa angaguqukiyo elakhelwe ngaphakathi, kwaye umlinganiselo ngamnye ungafumana isiphumo sokulinganisa phantsi kwemeko yamandla okunxibelelana angaguqukiyo, afanelekileyo ekulinganisweni kobukhulu bezinto eziqinileyo.

Uluhlu lokulinganisa lwe-caliper eqhelekileyo ngokubanzi aludluli kwi-300mm, kunye nesisombululo se-0.01mm kunye nempazamo ephezulu yokubonisa malunga ne-±0.02~0.05mm. Ezinye ii-caliper ezinkulu zinokufikelela kuluhlu lokulinganisa lwe-1000mm, kodwa impazamo nayo iya kwanda.

Ixabiso lamandla okubamba le-caliper lixhomekeke ekusebenzeni komqhubi. Iziphumo zokulinganisa zomntu omnye zihlala zizinzile, kwaye kuya kubakho umahluko othile phakathi kweziphumo zokulinganisa zabantu abahlukeneyo. Ifanelekile ekulinganisweni kobukhulu bezinto eziqinileyo kunye nokulinganiswa kobukhulu bezinye izinto ezithambileyo ezinkulu.

Ukuhamba, ukuchaneka, kunye nesisombululo segeyiji yobukhulu ngokubanzi ziyafana nezo ze-micrometer. Ezi zixhobo zikwabonelela ngoxinzelelo olungaguquguqukiyo, kodwa uxinzelelo lunokulungiswa ngokutshintsha umthwalo ongaphezulu. Ngokubanzi, ezi zixhobo zifanelekile ukulinganisa izinto ezithambileyo.

3. Ungazikhetha njani izixhobo zokulinganisa ubungakanani besampuli ezifanelekileyo?

Isitshixo sokukhetha izixhobo zokulinganisa ubukhulu kukuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo ezimeleyo neziphindaphindwayo zinokufunyanwa. Into yokuqala ekufuneka siyiqwalasele ziiparameter ezisisiseko: uluhlu kunye nokuchaneka. Ukongeza, izixhobo zokulinganisa ubukhulu ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ezifana nee-micrometers kunye nee-calipers zizixhobo zokulinganisa uqhagamshelwano. Kwiimilo ezithile ezikhethekileyo okanye iisampuli ezithambileyo, kufuneka siqwalasele nempembelelo yesimo se-probe kunye namandla oqhagamshelwano. Enyanisweni, imigangatho emininzi ibeke phambili iimfuno ezihambelanayo zezixhobo zokulinganisa ubukhulu: I-ISO 16012:2015 imisela ukuba kwii-splines ezibunjiweyo ze-injection, ii-micrometers okanye ii-micrometer ubukhulu be-gauges zingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ububanzi kunye nobukhulu be-injection bumbed sampuli; kwiisampuli ezenziwe ngomatshini, ii-calipers kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa ezingahambelaniyo nazo zingasetyenziswa. Kwiziphumo zokulinganisa ubukhulu ze-<10mm, ukuchaneka kufuneka kube ngaphakathi kwe-±0.02mm, kwaye kwiziphumo zokulinganisa ubukhulu ze-≥10mm, imfuneko yokuchaneka yi-±0.1mm. I-GB/T 6342 ichaza indlela yokulinganisa ubukhulu beplastiki ye-foam kunye nerabha. Kwezinye iisampulu, ii-micrometers kunye nee-calipers ziyavunyelwa, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwee-micrometers kunye nee-calipers kumiselwe ngokungqongqo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba isampulu ingasetyenziswa ngamandla amakhulu, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiziphumo zokulinganisa ezingachanekanga. Ukongeza, kwiisampulu ezinobukhulu obungaphantsi kwe-10mm, umgangatho ukwacebisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-micrometer, kodwa ineemfuno ezingqongqo zoxinzelelo loqhagamshelwano, oluyi-100±10Pa.

I-GB/T 2941 ichaza indlela yokulinganisa ubukhulu beesampuli zerabha. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kwiisampuli ezinobukhulu obungaphantsi kwe-30mm, umgangatho ucacisa ukuba imilo yeprobe yinyawo yoxinzelelo olujikelezayo oluthe tyaba olunobubanzi be-2mm ~ 10mm. Kwiisampuli ezinobunzima be-≥35 IRHD, umthwalo osetyenzisiweyo yi-22±5kPa, kwaye kwiisampuli ezinobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-35 IRHD, umthwalo osetyenzisiweyo yi-10±2kPa.

4. Zeziphi izixhobo zokulinganisa ezinokucetyiswa kwezinye izixhobo eziqhelekileyo?

A. Kwiisampuli zeplastiki ezithambileyo, kucetyiswa ukusebenzisa i-micrometer ukulinganisa ububanzi kunye nobukhulu;

B. Kwiisampuli zempembelelo ezichongiweyo, i-micrometer okanye i-geyiji yobukhulu enesisombululo se-1μm ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa, kodwa i-radius ye-arc esezantsi kweprobe akufuneki idlule kwi-0.10mm;

C. Kwiisampuli zefilimu, kucetyiswa igeyiji yobukhulu enesisombululo esingcono kune-1μm ukulinganisa ubukhulu;

D. Kwiisampuli zokuxinana zerabha, kucetyiswa ukuba kubekho igeyiji yobukhulu ukuze kulinganiswe ubukhulu, kodwa kufuneka kuqwalaselwe indawo yeprobe kunye nomthwalo;

E. Kwizinto ezithambileyo zefoam, kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe igeyiji yobukhulu ekhethekileyo ukulinganisa ubukhulu.

5. Ukongeza ekukhetheni izixhobo, zeziphi ezinye izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kulinganiswa ubukhulu?

Indawo yokulinganisa yezinye iisampuli kufuneka ithathwe njengemele ubungakanani bokwenyani besampuli.

Umzekelo, kwii-splines ezigobileyo ezibunjiweyo ngenaliti, kuya kubakho i-engile yedrafti engadluli kwi-1° ecaleni kwe-spline, ngoko ke impazamo phakathi kwamaxabiso aphezulu kunye nawona bubanzi buncinci inokufikelela kwi-0.14mm.

Ukongeza, iisampuli ezibunjiweyo ngenaliti ziya kuba nokuncipha kobushushu, kwaye kuya kubakho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kokulinganisa embindini nakumphetho wesampuli, ngoko ke imigangatho efanelekileyo iya kuchaza nendawo yokulinganisa. Umzekelo, i-ISO 178 ifuna ukuba indawo yokulinganisa ububanzi besampuli ibe yi-±0.5mm ukusuka kumgca ophakathi wobukhulu, kwaye indawo yokulinganisa ubukhulu ibe yi-±3.25mm ukusuka kumgca ophakathi wobubanzi.

Ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ubukhulu bulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo, kufuneka kuthathwe unonophelo ukuthintela iimpazamo ezibangelwa ziimpazamo zokufaka kwabantu.