Nkhani

Mu mayeso a tsiku ndi tsiku, kuwonjezera pa kulondola kwa zida zokha, kodi mudaganizirapo za momwe muyeso wa kukula kwa zitsanzo umakhudzira zotsatira za mayeso? Nkhaniyi iphatikiza miyezo ndi zochitika zinazake kuti ipereke malingaliro ena pa muyeso wa kukula kwa zipangizo zina zodziwika bwino.

1. Kodi cholakwika poyesa kukula kwa chitsanzo chimakhudza bwanji zotsatira za mayeso?

Choyamba, kodi cholakwika chomwe chimachitika chifukwa cha cholakwikacho ndi chachikulu bwanji? Mwachitsanzo, pa cholakwika chomwecho cha 0.1mm, pa kukula kwa 10mm, cholakwikacho ndi 1%, ndipo pa kukula kwa 1mm, cholakwikacho ndi 10%;

Chachiwiri, kodi kukula kwake kumakhudza bwanji zotsatira zake? Pa njira yowerengera mphamvu yopindika, m'lifupi mwake muli ndi zotsatira za oda yoyamba pa zotsatira zake, pomwe makulidwe ake ali ndi zotsatira za oda yachiwiri pa zotsatira zake. Ngati cholakwika chofanana chili chomwecho, makulidwe ake amakhudza kwambiri zotsatira zake.
Mwachitsanzo, m'lifupi ndi makulidwe a chitsanzo choyesera kupindika ndi 10mm ndi 4mm motsatana, ndipo modulus yopindika ndi 8956MPa. Pamene kukula kwenikweni kwa chitsanzo kulowetsedwa, m'lifupi ndi makulidwe ndi 9.90mm ndi 3.90mm motsatana, modulus yopindika imakhala 9741MPa, kuwonjezeka kwa pafupifupi 9%.

2. Kodi magwiridwe antchito a zida zoyezera kukula kwa zitsanzo wamba ndi otani?

Zipangizo zoyezera miyeso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano ndi ma micrometer, ma caliper, ma thickness gauges, ndi zina zotero.

Ma micrometer wamba nthawi zambiri sapitirira 30mm, resolution ndi 1μm, ndipo cholakwika chachikulu cha chizindikiro ndi pafupifupi ±(2~4)μm. Resolution ya ma micrometer olondola kwambiri imatha kufika 0.1μm, ndipo cholakwika chachikulu cha chizindikiro ndi ±0.5μm.

Micrometer ili ndi mphamvu yoyezera yosasintha yomangidwa mkati, ndipo muyeso uliwonse ukhoza kupeza zotsatira zake potengera mphamvu yolumikizana yosasintha, yomwe ndi yoyenera poyezera kukula kwa zinthu zolimba.

Kuyeza kwa caliper yachizolowezi nthawi zambiri sikupitirira 300mm, ndi resolution ya 0.01mm ndi chizindikiro cholakwika chachikulu cha pafupifupi ± 0.02~0.05mm. Ma caliper ena akuluakulu amatha kufika pa 1000mm, koma cholakwikacho chidzawonjezekanso.

Mphamvu yolumikizira ya caliper imadalira momwe wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amagwirira ntchito. Zotsatira za muyeso wa munthu yemweyo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhazikika, ndipo padzakhala kusiyana pakati pa zotsatira za muyeso wa anthu osiyanasiyana. Ndi yoyenera poyesa miyeso ya zinthu zolimba ndi muyeso wa miyeso ya zinthu zina zazikulu zofewa.

Kuyenda, kulondola, ndi kutsimikiza kwa geji yoyezera makulidwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofanana ndi kwa micrometer. Zipangizozi zimaperekanso kupanikizika kosalekeza, koma kupanikizika kumatha kusinthidwa posintha katundu pamwamba. Kawirikawiri, zipangizozi ndizoyenera kuyeza zinthu zofewa.

3. Kodi mungasankhe bwanji zida zoyenera zoyezera kukula kwa chitsanzo?

Chofunika kwambiri posankha zida zoyezera miyeso ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zotsatira zoyeserera zoyimira komanso zobwerezabwereza zitha kupezeka. Chinthu choyamba chomwe tiyenera kuganizira ndi magawo oyambira: kuchuluka ndi kulondola. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zoyezera miyeso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga ma micrometer ndi ma caliper ndi zida zoyezera zolumikizana. Pa mawonekedwe ena apadera kapena zitsanzo zofewa, tiyeneranso kuganizira za mphamvu ya mawonekedwe a probe ndi mphamvu yolumikizirana. Ndipotu, miyezo yambiri yapereka zofunikira zogwirizana ndi zida zoyezera miyeso: ISO 16012:2015 imati pa ma spline opangidwa ndi jakisoni, ma micrometer kapena ma micrometer makulidwe gauges angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza m'lifupi ndi makulidwe a zitsanzo zopangidwa ndi jakisoni; pa zitsanzo zopangidwa ndi makina, ma caliper ndi zida zoyezera zosakhudzana nazo zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Pa zotsatira za miyeso ya <10mm, kulondola kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa ±0.02mm, ndipo pa zotsatira za miyeso ya ≥10mm, kulondola kofunikira ndi ±0.1mm. GB/T 6342 imati njira yoyezera miyeso ya mapulasitiki a thovu ndi rabala. Pa zitsanzo zina, ma micrometer ndi ma caliper amaloledwa, koma kugwiritsa ntchito ma micrometer ndi ma caliper kumayikidwa mosamala kuti chitsanzocho chisagwidwe ndi mphamvu zazikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zotsatira zake zisachitike molondola. Kuphatikiza apo, pa zitsanzo zomwe zili ndi makulidwe osakwana 10mm, muyezowu umalimbikitsanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma micrometer, koma uli ndi zofunikira zolimba pakukhudzana ndi mphamvu, zomwe ndi 100±10Pa.

GB/T 2941 imatchula njira yoyezera miyeso ya zitsanzo za rabara. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti pa zitsanzo zomwe zili ndi makulidwe osakwana 30mm, muyezo umanena kuti mawonekedwe a probe ndi phazi lozungulira lokhala ndi mphamvu ya 2mm ~ 10mm. Pa zitsanzo zomwe zili ndi kuuma kwa ≥35 IRHD, katundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 22±5kPa, ndipo pa zitsanzo zomwe zili ndi kuuma kosakwana 35 IRHD, katundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 10±2kPa.

4. Ndi zida ziti zoyezera zomwe zingalimbikitsidwe pazinthu zina zodziwika bwino?

A. Pa zitsanzo za pulasitiki zokoka, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito micrometer poyesa m'lifupi ndi makulidwe;

B. Pa zitsanzo za impact zodulidwa, micrometer kapena gauge yokhuthala yokhala ndi resolution ya 1μm ingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyesa, koma radius ya arc pansi pa probe siyenera kupitirira 0.10mm;

C. Pa zitsanzo za filimu, chiyeso cha makulidwe chokhala ndi resolution yoposa 1μm chikulimbikitsidwa kuti chiyese makulidwe;

D. Pa zitsanzo za rabara zokoka, chiyeso cha makulidwe chimalimbikitsidwa kuti chiyese makulidwe, koma chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa kudera la probe ndi katundu;

E. Pa zinthu zopyapyala za thovu, chiyeso choyezera makulidwe apadera chimalimbikitsidwa kuti chiyese makulidwe.

5. Kuwonjezera pa kusankha zida, ndi zinthu zina ziti zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa poyesa miyeso?

Malo oyezera zitsanzo zina ayenera kuganiziridwa kuti akuyimira kukula kwenikweni kwa chitsanzocho.

Mwachitsanzo, pa mizere yokhotakhota yopangidwa ndi jakisoni, padzakhala ngodya yozungulira yosapitirira 1° kumbali ya mzerewo, kotero cholakwika pakati pa miyeso yayikulu ndi yocheperako m'lifupi chingafikire 0.14mm.

Kuphatikiza apo, zitsanzo zopangidwa ndi jakisoni zidzakhala ndi kutentha kochepa, ndipo padzakhala kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kuyeza pakati ndi m'mphepete mwa chitsanzo, kotero miyezo yoyenera idzafotokozanso malo oyezera. Mwachitsanzo, ISO 178 imafuna kuti malo oyezera m'lifupi mwa chitsanzo akhale ±0.5mm kuchokera pakati pa makulidwe, ndipo malo oyezera makulidwe ndi ±3.25mm kuchokera pakati pa m'lifupi.

Kuwonjezera pa kuonetsetsa kuti miyeso yake yayesedwa bwino, chisamaliro chiyeneranso kutengedwa kuti tipewe zolakwika zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika zomwe anthu amalowetsa.