A gwaje-gwajen yau da kullun, ban da daidaiton sigogin kayan aikin da kanta, shin kun taɓa yin la'akari da tasirin auna girman samfuri akan sakamakon gwajin? Wannan labarin zai haɗa mizanai da takamaiman shari'o'i don ba da wasu shawarwari kan auna girman wasu kayan gama gari.
1. Nawa ne kuskuren auna girman samfurin ke shafar sakamakon gwaji?
Da farko, girman kuskuren da kuskuren ya haifar kenan. Misali, ga kuskuren 0.1mm iri ɗaya, ga girman 10mm, kuskuren shine 1%, kuma ga girman 1mm, kuskuren shine 10%;
Na biyu, nawa girman yake da tasiri a kan sakamakon. Ga dabarar lissafin ƙarfin lanƙwasa, faɗin yana da tasirin farko akan sakamakon, yayin da kauri yana da tasirin tsari na biyu akan sakamakon. Idan kuskuren dangi iri ɗaya ne, kauri yana da tasiri mafi girma akan sakamakon.
Misali, faɗin da kauri na samfurin gwajin lanƙwasawa na yau da kullun shine 10mm da 4mm bi da bi, kuma modulus ɗin lanƙwasawa shine 8956MPa. Lokacin da aka shigar da ainihin girman samfurin, faɗin da kauri sune 9.90mm da 3.90mm bi da bi, modulus ɗin lanƙwasawa ya zama 9741MPa, ƙaruwa kusan 9%.
2. Menene aikin kayan aikin auna girman samfura na yau da kullun?
Kayan aikin auna girma da aka fi amfani da su a yanzu sune galibi micrometers, calipers, ma'aunin kauri, da sauransu.
Kewayon mitoci na yau da kullun ba ya wuce 30mm, ƙudurin shine 1μm, kuma mafi girman kuskuren nuni shine kusan ±(2~4)μm. ƙudurin mitoci masu daidaito sosai na iya kaiwa 0.1μm, kuma mafi girman kuskuren nuni shine ±0.5μm.
Ma'aunin micrometer yana da ƙimar ƙarfin aunawa mai ɗorewa a ciki, kuma kowane ma'auni zai iya samun sakamakon aunawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarfin hulɗa mai ɗorewa, wanda ya dace da ma'aunin girma na kayan tauri.
Matsakaicin ma'aunin caliper na gargajiya gabaɗaya bai wuce 300mm ba, tare da ƙudurin 0.01mm da kuma kuskuren nuni mafi girma na kusan ±0.02 ~ 0.05mm. Wasu manyan calipers na iya kaiwa ga kewayon aunawa na 1000mm, amma kuskuren kuma zai ƙaru.
Ƙimar ƙarfin matsewa na caliper ya dogara da aikin mai aiki. Sakamakon aunawa na mutum ɗaya gabaɗaya yana da karko, kuma za a sami wani bambanci tsakanin sakamakon aunawa na mutane daban-daban. Ya dace da auna girma na kayan tauri da kuma auna girma na wasu manyan kayan laushi.
Tafiya, daidaito, da ƙudurin ma'aunin kauri gabaɗaya suna kama da na micrometer. Waɗannan na'urori kuma suna ba da matsin lamba akai-akai, amma ana iya daidaita matsin ta hanyar canza nauyin da ke saman. Gabaɗaya, waɗannan na'urori sun dace da auna kayan laushi.
3. Ta yaya za a zaɓi kayan aikin auna girman samfurin da ya dace?
Mabuɗin zaɓar kayan aikin auna girma shine tabbatar da cewa ana iya samun sakamakon gwaji mai wakilci kuma mai maimaitawa. Abu na farko da muke buƙatar la'akari da shi shine sigogi na asali: iyaka da daidaito. Bugu da ƙari, kayan aikin auna girma da aka saba amfani da su kamar micrometers da calipers sune kayan aikin auna lamba. Ga wasu siffofi na musamman ko samfuran laushi, ya kamata mu yi la'akari da tasirin siffar bincike da ƙarfin hulɗa. A zahiri, ƙa'idodi da yawa sun gabatar da buƙatun da suka dace don kayan aikin auna girma: ISO 16012:2015 ya ƙayyade cewa don splines da aka yi da allura, ana iya amfani da micrometers ko micrometer kauri ma'auni don auna faɗi da kauri na samfuran da aka yi da allura; don samfuran da aka yi da injin, ana iya amfani da calipers da kayan aikin aunawa marasa hulɗa. Don sakamakon auna girma na <10mm, daidaito dole ne ya kasance cikin ±0.02mm, kuma don sakamakon auna girma na ≥10mm, buƙatun daidaito shine ±0.1mm. GB/T 6342 ya ƙayyade hanyar auna girma don robobi kumfa da roba. Ga wasu samfura, an yarda da amfani da micrometers da calipers, amma an tsara amfani da micrometers da calipers sosai don guje wa samfurin ya fuskanci manyan ƙarfi, wanda ke haifar da sakamakon aunawa mara daidai. Bugu da ƙari, ga samfuran da kauri bai wuce 10mm ba, ma'aunin kuma yana ba da shawarar amfani da micrometer, amma yana da ƙa'idodi masu tsauri don damuwa ta hulɗa, wanda shine 100±10Pa.
GB/T 2941 ya ƙayyade hanyar auna girma ga samfuran roba. Ya kamata a lura cewa ga samfuran da kaurinsu bai wuce 30mm ba, ma'aunin ya ƙayyade cewa siffar na'urar binciken ƙafa ce mai zagaye mai matsi mai faɗi tare da diamita na 2mm ~ 10mm. Ga samfuran da taurinsu ya kai ≥35 IRHD, nauyin da aka yi amfani da shi shine 22±5kPa, kuma ga samfuran da taurinsu ya kai ƙasa da IRHD 35, nauyin da aka yi amfani da shi shine 10±2kPa.
4. Waɗanne kayan aikin aunawa za a iya ba da shawarar su ga wasu kayan da aka saba amfani da su?
A. Ga samfuran filastik masu tauri, ana ba da shawarar amfani da micrometer don auna faɗi da kauri;
B. Ga samfuran tasirin da aka yi wa alama, ana iya amfani da micrometer ko ma'aunin kauri mai ƙudurin 1μm don aunawa, amma radius na baka a ƙasan binciken bai kamata ya wuce 0.10mm ba;
C. Ga samfuran fim, ana ba da shawarar ma'aunin kauri tare da ƙuduri mafi kyau fiye da 1μm don auna kauri;
D. Ga samfuran roba masu tauri, ana ba da shawarar ma'aunin kauri don auna kauri, amma ya kamata a kula da yankin bincike da nauyinsa;
E. Ga kayan kumfa masu siriri, ana ba da shawarar a yi amfani da ma'aunin kauri na musamman don auna kauri.
5. Baya ga zaɓin kayan aiki, waɗanne wasu abubuwan da ya kamata a yi la'akari da su yayin auna ma'auni?
Ya kamata a yi la'akari da matsayin auna wasu samfura don wakiltar ainihin girman samfurin.
Misali, ga allurar da aka yi da lanƙwasa, za a sami kusurwar daftarin da ba ta wuce 1° a gefen spline ba, don haka kuskuren da ke tsakanin ƙimar faɗi mafi girma da mafi ƙarancin zai iya kaiwa 0.14mm.
Bugu da ƙari, samfuran da aka yi wa allura za su sami raguwar zafi, kuma za a sami babban bambanci tsakanin aunawa a tsakiya da kuma gefen samfurin, don haka ƙa'idodin da suka dace za su kuma ƙayyade matsayin aunawa. Misali, ISO 178 yana buƙatar matsayin auna faɗin samfurin shine ±0.5mm daga layin tsakiya na kauri, kuma matsayin auna kauri shine ±3.25mm daga layin tsakiya na faɗin.
Baya ga tabbatar da cewa an auna ma'aunin daidai, ya kamata a yi taka-tsantsan don hana kurakurai da kurakuran shigar da mutane ke haifarwa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Oktoba-25-2024