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Ukuhlolwa Kokuthembeka Kwemvelo—Ukuwohloka Kwezinga Lokushisa Kwegumbi Lokuhlola Lokushisa Eliphezulu Neliphansi

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlolwa kokuthembeka kwemvelo, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kokushisa okuphezulu, ukuhlolwa kokushisa okuphansi, ukuhlolwa kokushintshana komswakama nokushisa, ukuhlolwa komjikelezo ohlanganisiwe wokushisa nomswakama, ukuhlolwa kokushisa nomswakama okungaguquki, ukuhlolwa kokushintsha kokushisa okusheshayo, kanye nokuhlolwa kokushaqeka kokushisa. Okulandelayo, sizokuhlukanisela imisebenzi yokuhlola ngayinye.

1 “Ukuhlolwa kokushisa okuphezulu: Kuwukuhlolwa kokuthembeka okulingisa ukumelana kokushisa okuphezulu komkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokugcina, ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa. Ukuhlolwa kokushisa okuphezulu nakho kuwukuhlolwa kokuphila okusheshisiwe kwesikhathi eside. Inhloso yokuhlolwa kokushisa okuphezulu ukunquma ukuzivumelanisa nezimo nokuqina kokugcinwa, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nokuqina kwemishini yezempi neyezakhamuzi kanye nezingxenye ezigcinwe futhi ezisetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezijwayelekile. Qinisekisa ukusebenza kwezinto ezisezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu. Ububanzi benhloso eyinhloko buhlanganisa imikhiqizo kagesi neye-elekthronikhi, kanye namadivayisi ayo okuqala, nezinye izinto. Ukuqina kokuhlolwa kuncike ekushiseni kokushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi kanye nesikhathi sokuhlola esiqhubekayo. Ukushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi kungabangela ukuthi umkhiqizo ushise ngokweqile, kuthinte ukuphepha nokuthembeka kokusetshenziswa, noma ngisho nomonakalo;

Ukuhlolwa kokushisa okuphansi okungu-2″: Inhloso ukuhlola ukuthi ingxenye yokuhlola ingagcinwa futhi iphathwe ngendlela efanele endaweni ephansi yesikhathi eside, kanye nokunquma ukuzivumelanisa nezimo nokuqina kwemishini yezempi neyezakhamuzi egcinwe futhi isebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphansi. Izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zezinto ezisezingeni lokushisa eliphansi. Indinganiso inezincazelo zokucubungula kwangaphambi kokuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokuhlolwa, ukufakwa kwesampula, ukuhlolwa okuphakathi, ukucubungula kwangemva kokuhlolwa, isivinini sokushisa, izimo zomthwalo wekhabhinethi yezinga lokushisa, kanye nesilinganiso sevolumu sento yokuhlola kukhabhinethi yezinga lokushisa, njll., kanye nokwehluleka kwengxenye yokuhlola ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphansi Imodi: Izingxenye nezinto ezisetshenziswa kumkhiqizo zingaqhekeka, ziqhekeke, zinamathele engxenyeni enyakazayo, futhi zishintshwe ngezici emazingeni okushisa aphansi;

3, Ukuhlolwa kokushintshana kokushisa ngomswakama: kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kokushisa ngomswakama njalo kanye nokuhlolwa kokushisa ngomswakama okushintshanayo. Ukuhlolwa kokushisa ngomswakama okushintshanayo okushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi kuyinto yokuhlola edingekayo emikhakheni yezindiza, izimoto, izinto zikagesi zasekhaya, ucwaningo lwesayensi, njll. Kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola nokunquma indawo yokushisa ngokushisa okuphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi, umswakama oshintshanayo, kanye nokuhlolwa kokushisa noma okushintshanayo kwemikhiqizo nezinto zikagesi, zikagesi, neminye. Amapharamitha ashintshile kanye nokusebenza. Isibonelo, umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku, umswakama ohlukile emazingeni okushisa ahlukene kanye nezikhathi ezahlukene, kanye nemikhiqizo edlula ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa ahlukene kanye nomswakama ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Le ndawo yokushisa nomswakama okushintshanayo izothinta ukusebenza nokuphila komkhiqizo, futhi isheshise ukuguga komkhiqizo. Uma ukule ndawo isikhathi eside, umkhiqizo udinga ukumelana okwanele nokushisa nomswakama okushintshanayo;

4 “Ukuhlolwa komjikelezo ohlanganisiwe wokushisa nomswakama: Veza isampula endaweni yokuhlola yokushisa nomswakama ebekwe eceleni ukuze uhlole izici zokusebenza kwesampula ngemva kokujikeleza noma ukugcinwa endaweni yokushisa nomswakama. Indawo yokugcina nokusebenzela yomkhiqizo inezinga lokushisa nomswakama elithile, futhi ishintsha njalo. Isibonelo, umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku, umswakama ohlukile emazingeni okushisa ahlukene nezikhathi ezahlukene, kanye nemikhiqizo edlula ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa nomswakama ahlukene ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa. Le ndawo yokushisa nomswakama eshintshanayo izothinta ukusebenza nokuphila komkhiqizo, futhi isheshise ukuguga komkhiqizo. Umjikelezo wokushisa nomswakama ulingisa indawo yokushisa nomswakama yokugcina nokusebenzela umkhiqizo, futhi uhlola ukuthi umthelela womkhiqizo ngemva kwesikhathi esithile kule ndawo ungaphakathi kwebanga elamukelekayo. Ngokuyinhloko ngezinto zezinsimbi nemitha, ubunjiniyela kagesi, imikhiqizo kagesi, izinto zasendlini, izesekeli zezimoto nezithuthuthu, izembozo zamakhemikhali, imikhiqizo yezindiza, nezinye izingxenye zomkhiqizo ezihlobene;

Ukuhlolwa kokushisa nomswakama okungaguquki okungu-5″: imishini esetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinto ezindaweni ezahlukene nokuhlola izinto ezahlukene ukumelana nokushisa, ukumelana nokubanda, ukumelana nokomisa, kanye nokumelana nomswakama. Ifanele ukuhlola ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo efana ne-elekthronikhi, izinto zikagesi, omakhalekhukhwini, ukuxhumana, amamitha, izimoto, imikhiqizo yepulasitiki, izinsimbi, ukudla, amakhemikhali, izinto zokwakha, ukwelashwa, izindiza, njll. Ingalingisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi, kanye nendawo enomswakama ukuhlola izinga lokushisa lomkhiqizo wokuhlola endaweni ethile kanye nokuhlolwa komswakama. Ukuhlolwa kokushisa nomswakama okungaguquki kungaqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo ovivinyiwe ungaphansi kwendawo efanayo yokushisa nomswakama;

6 “Ukuhlolwa kokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo: kusetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ye-elekthronikhi nekagesi, yezimoto, yezokwelapha, yezinsimbi, ye-petrochemical kanye neminye, imishini ephelele, izingxenye, ekupakisheni, ezintweni zokwakha, ukuhlola ukuguquguquka kwesitoreji noma ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo ngaphansi kokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Inhloso yokuhlolwa kweziqu ukuhlola ukuthi umkhiqizo uyahlangabezana yini nezidingo zezindinganiso ezifanele; ukuhlolwa kokuthuthukisa kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuhlola ukuqina nokuguquguquka kokuthembeka komkhiqizo ngaphansi kwezimo zokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, kanti ukuhlolwa kokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo kusetshenziselwa ukunquma ushintsho olusheshayo lomkhiqizo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu naphansi. Ukuzivumelanisa nokugcina, ukuthuthwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa endaweni ehlukile yesimo sezulu. Inqubo yokuhlola ngokuvamile ithatha izinga lokushisa legumbi → izinga lokushisa eliphansi → izinga lokushisa eliphansi → izinga lokushisa eliphansi → izinga lokushisa eliphezulu → izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile njengomjikelezo wokuhlola. Qinisekisa izici zokusebenza zesampula ngemuva kokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa noma indawo yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okuqhubekayo, noma ukusebenza kokusebenza kule ndawo. Ukuhlolwa kokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo kuvame ukuchazwa njengezinga lokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa ≥ 3℃/min, futhi ushintsho lwenziwa phakathi kwezinga lokushisa elithile eliphezulu kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Uma izinga lokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa lishesha, ibanga lokushisa eliphezulu/eliphansi liba likhulu, futhi lide isikhathi, lapho ukuhlolwa kuqina khona. Ukushaqeka kwezinga lokushisa kuvame ukuthinta izingxenye eziseduze nobuso bangaphandle bomshini kakhulu. Uma kukude nobuso bangaphandle, kulapho ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kuhamba kancane futhi umphumela awubonakali kahle. Amabhokisi okuthutha, ukupakishwa, njll. kuzonciphisa nomthelela wokushaqeka kwezinga lokushisa emishinini evalekile. Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okungazelelwe kungathinta okwesikhashana noma isikhathi eside ukusebenza komshini;

7“Ukuhlolwa kokushaqeka okubandayo nokushisa: ikakhulukazi kwemikhiqizo kagesi, izingxenye zemishini, kanye nezingxenye zezimoto. Ukuhlolwa kokushaqeka okushisayo kuqinisekisa kakhulu izimo zokusetshenziswa nokugcinwa kwamasampula ngaphansi kwezinguquko ezisheshayo ezimweni zokushisa eziphakeme neziphansi. Kuwukuhlolwa kokuhlola nokuhlolwa kokuvunyelwa kokuqedwa komklamo wemishini. Ukuhlolwa okubalulekile ekuhlolweni okuvamile esigabeni sokukhiqiza, kwezinye izimo kungasetshenziswa futhi ekuhlolweni kokuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwemvelo, okungukuthi ukuhlolwa komthelela okushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi, okuveza isampula yokuhlola endaweni eshintshashintshayo eqhubekayo yokushisa okuphezulu nokushisa okuphansi ukuze kwenzeke ngesikhathi esifushane. Ukubhekana nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhlola ukuzivumelanisa kwemikhiqizo nokushintsha okusheshayo ekushiseni okuzungezile kuwukuhlolwa okubalulekile ekuhlolweni kokuhlolwa kokuqedwa komklamo wemishini kanye nokuhlolwa okuvamile esigabeni sokukhiqiza inqwaba. Kwezinye izimo, kungasetshenziswa futhi ekucindezelekeni kwemvelo. Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola. Kungashiwo ukuthi imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwegumbi lokuhlola ukushaqeka okushisayo ekuqinisekiseni nasekuthuthukiseni ukuzivumelanisa kwemvelo kwemishini ilandela kuphela ukudlidliza nokuhlolwa kokushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi.