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Uvavanyo lomothuko olushushu ludla ngokubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lomothuko olushushu okanye umjikelo wobushushu, uvavanyo lomothuko olushushu oluphezulu nolusezantsi.

Izinga lokufudumeza/lokupholisa alikho ngaphantsi kwama-30℃ ngomzuzu.

Uluhlu lotshintsho lobushushu lukhulu kakhulu, kwaye ubunzima bovavanyo buyanda ngokunyuka kwesantya sotshintsho lobushushu.

Umahluko phakathi kovavanyo lobushushu kunye novavanyo lomjikelo wobushushu ikakhulu yindlela eyahlukileyo yomthwalo woxinzelelo.

Uvavanyo lobushushu oluthi shwaka luhlola ikakhulu ukungaphumeleli okubangelwa kukuqhekeka kunye nomonakalo wokudinwa, ngelixa umjikelo wobushushu uhlola ikakhulu ukungaphumeleli okubangelwa kukudinwa okuncinci.

Uvavanyo lobushushu oluthi shwaka luvumela ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sovavanyo esineendawo ezimbini; uvavanyo lomjikelo wobushushu lusebenzisa isixhobo sovavanyo esineendawo enye. Kwibhokisi eneendawo ezimbini, izinga lokutshintsha kobushushu kufuneka libe ngaphezulu kwama-50℃ ngomzuzu.
Izizathu zokothuka kobushushu: utshintsho olukhulu lobushushu ngexesha leenkqubo zokuvelisa nokulungisa ezifana nokutshintsha i-solder, ukomisa, ukuphinda kusetyenzwe, kunye nokulungisa.

Ngokutsho kwe-GJB 150.5A-2009 3.1, ukutshayiswa kobushushu kukutshintsha okukhulu kobushushu obujikeleze izixhobo, kwaye izinga lokutshintsha kobushushu lingaphezulu kwe-10 degrees/min, oku kutshayiswa kobushushu. I-MIL-STD-810F 503.4 (2001) inombono ofanayo.

Zininzi izizathu zokutshintsha kobushushu, ezikhankanyiweyo kwimigangatho efanelekileyo:
GB/T 2423.22-2012 Uvavanyo Lokusingqongileyo Icandelo 2 Uvavanyo N: Utshintsho Lobushushu
Iimeko zentsimi zotshintsho lobushushu:
Utshintsho lobushushu luqhelekile kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo. Xa isixhobo singavulwanga, iindawo zaso zangaphakathi zifumana utshintsho olucothayo lobushushu kuneendawo ezikumphezulu waso wangaphandle.

Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lobushushu lunokulindeleka kwiimeko ezilandelayo:
1. Xa izixhobo zidluliselwa ukusuka kwindawo efudumeleyo yangaphakathi ukuya kwindawo ebandayo yangaphandle, okanye ngokuchaseneyo;
2. Xa izixhobo zichatshazelwe yimvula okanye zintywiliselwa emanzini abandayo zize ngequbuliso ziphole;
3. Ifakwe kwizixhobo zangaphandle zomoya;
4. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile zothutho kunye nokugcinwa.

Emva kokuba umbane usetyenzisiwe, kuya kuveliswa ii-gradients zobushushu obuphezulu kwizixhobo. Ngenxa yotshintsho lobushushu, izinto ziya kuba xinezelekile. Umzekelo, ecaleni kwe-resistor enamandla aphezulu, i-radiation iya kubangela ukuba ubushushu bomphezulu wezinto ezikufutshane bunyuke, ngelixa ezinye iindawo zihlala zibanda.
Xa inkqubo yokupholisa ivuliwe, izinto ezipholiswe ngokwenziwa ziya kufumana utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kubushushu. Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kubushushu bezinto lunokubangelwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenziwa kwezixhobo. Inani kunye nobukhulu botshintsho kubushushu kunye nexesha eliphakathi kubalulekile.

Iindlela zoVavanyo lweNdalo kwiLebhu yeZixhobo zoMkhosi iGJB 150.5A-2009 Icandelo lesi-5:Uvavanyo loMngcipheko woBushushu：
3.2 Ukusetyenziswa:
3.2.1 Imeko-bume Eqhelekileyo:
Olu vavanyo lusebenza kwizixhobo ezinokusetyenziswa kwiindawo apho ubushushu bomoya bunokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa kuphela ukuvavanya imiphumo yotshintsho olukhawulezileyo lobushushu kumphezulu wangaphandle wesixhobo, iindawo ezifakwe kumphezulu wangaphandle, okanye iindawo zangaphakathi ezifakwe kufutshane nomphezulu wangaphandle. Iimeko eziqhelekileyo zezi zilandelayo:
A) Izixhobo zidluliselwa phakathi kweendawo ezishushu kunye neendawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi;
B) Iphakanyiswa ukusuka kwindawo enobushushu obuphezulu emhlabeni ukuya kwindawo ephakamileyo (kushushu ukuya kubanda) yinkampani ethwala amandla aphezulu;
C) Xa kuvavanywa kuphela izinto zangaphandle (izinto zokupakisha okanye izixhobo eziphezulu), ziyawiswa kwiqokobhe elikhuselayo lenqwelo-moya eshushu phantsi kokuphakama okuphezulu kunye neemeko zobushushu obuphantsi.

3.2.2 Uvavanyo loKhuseleko kunye noxinzelelo lweNdalo:
Ukongeza koko kuchazwe ku-3.3, olu vavanyo lusebenza ukubonisa imiba yokhuseleko kunye neziphene ezinokubakho ezidla ngokwenzeka xa izixhobo zichaphazeleka kutshintsho lobushushu oluphantsi kunobushushu obugqithisileyo (ukuba nje iimeko zovavanyo azidluli umda woyilo lwezixhobo). Nangona olu vavanyo lusetyenziswa njengovavanyo loxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo (ESS), lungasetyenziswa njengovavanyo lokuhlola (kusetyenziswa ukushukuma kobushushu obugqithisileyo) emva konyango olufanelekileyo lobunjineli ukuze kutyhilwe iziphene ezinokubakho xa izixhobo zichaphazeleka kwiimeko eziphantsi kunobushushu obugqithisileyo.
Iziphumo zokothuka kobushushu: GJB 150.5A-2009 Indlela yoVavanyo lweNdalo lweLebhu yeZixhobo zoMkhosi Icandelo 5: Uvavanyo loKothuka koBushushu:

4.1.2 Iziphumo Zokusingqongileyo:
Uxinzelelo lobushushu ludla ngokuba nefuthe elibi kakhulu kwinxalenye ekufutshane nomphezulu wangaphandle wesixhobo. Okukhona kude nomphezulu wangaphandle (ewe, kunxulumene neempawu zezixhobo ezifanelekileyo), kokukhona utshintsho lobushushu lucotha kwaye isiphumo asibonakali kangako. Iibhokisi zothutho, ukupakisha, njl. nazo ziya kunciphisa impembelelo yoxinzelelo lobushushu kwizixhobo ezivaliweyo. Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lobushushu lunokuchaphazela okwethutyana okanye ngokusisigxina ukusebenza kwesixhobo. Le ilandelayo yimizekelo yeengxaki ezinokuvela xa izixhobo zichatshazelwa yindawo yoxinzelelo lobushushu. Ukuqwalasela ezi ngxaki zilandelayo eziqhelekileyo kuya kunceda ekumiseleni ukuba olu vavanyo lufanelekile na kwizixhobo ezivavanywayo.

A) Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zomzimba zezi:
1) Ukuqhekeka kwezikhongozeli zeglasi kunye nezixhobo ze-optical;
2) Iindawo ezihambayo ezinamatheleyo okanye ezikhululekileyo;
3) Ukuqhekeka kwee-pellets okanye iikholamu eziqinileyo kwiziqhushumbisi;
4) Amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuncipha okanye ukwanda, okanye amazinga okuxinana abangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo;
5) Ukuguquka okanye ukuqhekeka kwamalungu;
6) Ukuqhekeka kweengubo zomphezulu;
7) Ukuvuza kwiikhabhini ezivaliweyo;
8) Ukungaphumeleli kokukhusela ubushushu.

B) Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zeekhemikhali zezi:
1) Ukwahlulwa kwezixhobo;
2) Ukungaphumeleli kokukhusela iikhemikhali ezibangela iintsholongwane.

C) Iziphumo zombane eziqhelekileyo zezi:
1) Utshintsho kwizixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki;
2) Ukufuma ngokukhawuleza kwamanzi okanye iqabaka okubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-elektroniki okanye koomatshini;
3) Umbane ongapheliyo ogqithisileyo.

Injongo yovavanyo lomothuko wobushushu: Ingasetyenziselwa ukufumanisa uyilo lwemveliso kunye nokucubungula iziphene ngexesha lesigaba sophuhliso lobunjineli; ingasetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa kweemveliso kwiimeko zomothuko wobushushu ngexesha lokugqitywa kwemveliso okanye ukuchonga uyilo kunye nezigaba zemveliso yobuninzi, kwaye inike isiseko sokugqitywa koyilo kunye nezigqibo zokwamkelwa kwemveliso yobuninzi; xa isetyenziswa njengovavanyo loxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo, injongo kukususa ukusilela kwemveliso kwangethuba.

Iindidi zovavanyo lokutshintsha kobushushu zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezintathu ngokwemigangatho ye-IEC kunye neyesizwe:
1. Uvavanyo lweNa: Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lobushushu kunye nexesha elichaziweyo lokuguqula; umoya;
2. Inombolo yoVavanyo: Utshintsho lobushushu olunesantya esichaziweyo sotshintsho; umoya;
3. Uvavanyo lwe-Nc: Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lobushushu ngeetanki ezimbini zolwelo; ulwelo;

Kwiimvavanyo ezintathu ezingentla, u-1 no-2 basebenzisa umoya njengesixhobo sombane, kwaye owesithathu usebenzisa ulwelo (amanzi okanye ezinye izinto ezilulwelo) njengesixhobo sombane. Ixesha lokuguqula u-1 no-2 lide, kwaye ixesha lokuguqula u-3 lifutshane.