Amakuru

Gupima ubushyuhe bikunze kwitwa gupima ubushyuhe cyangwa gupima ubushyuhe, gupima ubushyuhe buri hejuru n'ubushyuhe buri hasi.

Igipimo cyo gushyushya/gukonjesha ntabwo kiri munsi ya 30°C/umunota.

Impinduka z'ubushyuhe ni nini cyane, kandi ubukana bw'ibizamini buriyongera uko igipimo cy'impinduka z'ubushyuhe cyiyongera.

Itandukaniro riri hagati y'ikizamini cy'ubushyuhe n'ikizamini cy'ingendo y'ubushyuhe ahanini ni uburyo butandukanye bwo guhangayika.

Ikizamini cy’ubushyuhe gisuzuma ahanini ikibazo cyatewe no kwangirika kw’umuruho no gucika intege, mu gihe uruziga rw’ubushyuhe rusuzuma ahanini ikibazo cyatewe no kwangirika kw’umuruho.

Ikizamini cy’ubushyuhe gitanga isuzuma ry’ubushyuhe cyemerera ikoreshwa ry’igikoresho cy’igerageza cy’itsinda ry’abantu babiri; ikizamini cy’igerageza ry’ubushyuhe gikoresha igikoresho cy’igerageza cy’itsinda rimwe. Mu gasanduku k’itsinda ry’abantu babiri, igipimo cy’ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe kigomba kuba kirenze 50℃ ku munota.
Impamvu zitera guhungabana k'ubushyuhe: impinduka zikomeye z'ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gukora no gusana nko kongera gukoresha solder, kumisha, kongera gutunganya no gusana.

Dukurikije GJB 150.5A-2009 3.1, guhindagurika kw'ubushyuhe ni impinduka ikomeye mu bushyuhe bw'ikirere cy'ibikoresho, kandi igipimo cy'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe kiri hejuru ya dogere 10/iminota, ari byo guhindagurika kw'ubushyuhe. MIL-STD-810F 503.4 (2001) ifite igitekerezo nk'icyo.

Hari impamvu nyinshi zitera impinduka z'ubushyuhe, zivugwa mu bipimo bireba:
GB/T 2423.22-2012 Isuzuma ry'ibidukikije Igice cya 2 Ikizamini N: Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe
Imiterere y'impinduka z'ubushyuhe mu murima:
Impinduka z'ubushyuhe zikunze kubaho mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'ibice byabyo. Iyo ibikoresho bidacanye, ibice byabyo by'imbere bihinduka buhoro buhoro ugereranyije n'ibice biri inyuma.

Impinduka zihuse z'ubushyuhe zishobora kwitezwe mu bihe bikurikira:
1. Iyo ibikoresho bimuwe bivanywe mu kirere gishyushye cyo mu nzu bijya mu kirere gikonje cyo hanze, cyangwa se mu buryo bunyuranye n'ubwo;
2. Iyo ibikoresho byahuye n'imvura cyangwa byinjijwe mu mazi akonje hanyuma bigakonja mu buryo butunguranye;
3. Bishyizwe mu bikoresho byo hanze by’indege;
4. Mu gihe cy'ubwikorezi n'ububiko runaka.

Nyuma y'ingufu zikoreshejwe, hazavuka ubushyuhe bwinshi mu bikoresho. Bitewe n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe, ibice bizashyirwamo imbaraga. Urugero, iruhande rw'icyuma gikingira ingufu nyinshi, imirasire izatuma ubushyuhe bw'ibice byegeranye buzamuka, mu gihe ibindi bice bikomeza gukonja.
Iyo sisitemu yo gukonjesha ifunguye, ibice bikonjeshejwe mu buryo bw'ubukorano bizagira impinduka zihuse z'ubushyuhe. Impinduka zihuse z'ubushyuhe bw'ibice zishobora guterwa no mu gihe cyo gukora ibikoresho. Umubare n'ubunini bw'impinduka z'ubushyuhe n'igihe bimara ni ingenzi.

Uburyo bwo gupima ibidukikije muri laboratwari y’ibikoresho bya gisirikare ya GJB 150.5A-2009 Igice cya 5:Ikizamini cy'ihungabana ry'ubushyuhe:
3.2 Gukoresha:
3.2.1 Ibidukikije bisanzwe:
Iki kizamini gikoreshwa ku bikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa ahantu ubushyuhe bw'umwuka bushobora guhinduka vuba. Iki kizamini gikoreshwa gusa mu gusuzuma ingaruka z'impinduka zihuse z'ubushyuhe ku buso bwo hanze bw'ibikoresho, ibice bishyizwe ku buso bwo hanze, cyangwa ibice by'imbere bishyizwe hafi y'ubuso bwo hanze. Ibintu bisanzwe ni ibi bikurikira:
A) Ibikoresho byimurirwa hagati y’ahantu hashyushye n’ahantu hashyushye hake;
B) Ikurwa ku butaka aho ubushyuhe bwinshi bugera mu butumburuke bwo hejuru (ubushyuhe bugera ku bukonje gusa) n'imodoka itwara ibintu mu buryo bwo hejuru;
C) Mu gihe ugerageza ibikoresho byo hanze gusa (ibikoresho byo gupakira cyangwa ibikoresho byo hejuru), bikurwa mu gikoresho cyo kurinda indege gishyushye mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushyuhe buke.

3.2.2 Gusuzuma Umutekano n'Ibidukikije:
Uretse ibivugwa muri 3.3, iki kizamini kirakoreshwa mu kugaragaza ibibazo by'umutekano n'inenge zishobora kubaho iyo ibikoresho bihuye n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe ziri munsi y'ubushyuhe bukabije (igihe cyose imiterere y'ikizamini itarenze urugero rw'imiterere y'ibikoresho). Nubwo iki kizamini gikoreshwa nk'isuzuma ry'imihangayiko ku bidukikije (ESS), gishobora no gukoreshwa nk'isuzuma ry'imihangayiko (hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe bukabije) nyuma yo kuvurwa neza n'ubuhanga kugira ngo hagaragazwe inenge zishobora kubaho iyo ibikoresho bihuye n'ubushyuhe buri munsi y'ubushyuhe bukabije.
Ingaruka zo guhungabana k'ubushyuhe: GJB 150.5A-2009 Uburyo bwo gupima ibidukikije muri Laboratwari y'ibikoresho bya gisirikare Igice cya 5: Isuzuma ry'ihungabana ry'ubushyuhe:

4.1.2 Ingaruka ku bidukikije:
Ubushyuhe bukunze kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku gice cyegereye ubuso bw'inyuma bw'ibikoresho. Uko biri kure y'ubuso bw'inyuma (birumvikana ko bifitanye isano n'imiterere y'ibikoresho bireba), ni ko ubushyuhe bugenda butinda kandi ingaruka ntizigaragare neza. Amasanduku yo gutwara, amapaki, nibindi nabyo bizagabanya ingaruka z'ubushyuhe ku bikoresho bifunze. Impinduka zihuse z'ubushyuhe zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ibikoresho by'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga mu gihe gito cyangwa burundu. Ingero zikurikira ni ibibazo bishobora kuvuka iyo ibikoresho bihuye n'ahantu hahurira ubushyuhe. Gutekereza ku bibazo bisanzwe bikurikira bizafasha kumenya niba iki kizamini gikwiriye ibikoresho biri mu igeragezwa.

A) Ingaruka zisanzwe ku mubiri ni izi:
1) Kumenagura ibikoresho by'ikirahure n'ibikoresho by'urumuri;
2) Ibice byimuka byafatiriwe cyangwa birekuye;
3) Imyanya mu duce duto cyangwa inkingi zikomeye mu biturika;
4) Igipimo gitandukanye cyo kugabanuka cyangwa kwaguka, cyangwa igipimo gitera imbaraga z'ibikoresho bitandukanye;
5) Guhinduka cyangwa gucika kw'ibice;
6) Gucika kw'ibirahure byo hejuru;
7) Gusohoka kw'amazi mu byumba bifunze;
8) Kunanirwa kw'uburinzi bw'ubushyuhe.

B) Ingaruka zisanzwe za shimi ni izi:
1) Gutandukanya ibice;
2) Kunanirwa kw'uburinzi bw'ibinyabutabire.

C) Ingaruka zisanzwe z'amashanyarazi ni:
1) Impinduka mu bice by'amashanyarazi n'iby'ikoranabuhanga;
2) Gukomera vuba kw'amazi cyangwa ubukonje bigatuma habaho kwangirika kw'ikoranabuhanga cyangwa imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga;
3) Umuriro w'amashanyarazi ukabije.

Intego y'ikizamini cy'ihungabana ry'ubushyuhe: Kirashobora gukoreshwa mu kuvumbura imiterere y'ibicuruzwa no gutunganya inenge mu gihe cy'iterambere ry'ubuhanga; gishobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura niba ibicuruzwa bihuye n'imiterere y'ihungabana ry'ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo kurangiza cyangwa kumenya imiterere y'ibicuruzwa no gukora ibintu byinshi, no gutanga ishingiro ryo kurangiza imiterere y'ibicuruzwa no kwemeza umusaruro mwinshi; iyo gikoreshejwe mu gusuzuma ibidukikije, intego ni ukuvanaho amakosa y'ibicuruzwa hakiri kare.

Ubwoko bw'ibizamini by'imihindagurikire y'ubushyuhe bugabanyijemo ubwoko butatu hakurikijwe amahame ya IEC n'ay'igihugu:
1. Ikizamini Na: Ihindagurika ryihuse ry'ubushyuhe hamwe n'igihe cyagenwe cyo guhindura; umwuka;
2. Ikizamini: Impinduka z'ubushyuhe hamwe n'igipimo cy'impinduka cyagenwe; umwuka;
3. Ikizamini cya Nc: Ihindagurika ryihuse ry'ubushyuhe hamwe n'ibigega bibiri by'amazi; amazi;

Ku bipimo bitatu byavuzwe haruguru, icya 1 na 2 bikoresha umwuka nk'igikoresho, naho icya gatatu gikoresha amazi (amazi cyangwa ibindi bintu binyobwa) nk'igikoresho. Igihe cyo guhindura cya 1 na 2 ni kirekire, naho igihe cyo guhindura cya 3 ni gito.