Ngā Pūrongo

Ko te ASTM D3420 he paerewa ātete ki te pao o Amerika, he mea hanga motuhake hei aromatawai i te pakari o te mata o ngā kiriata kirihou, ngā paninga paparanga angiangi me ngā whakaotinga whakapaipai. Ka whakamahia he huarahi whakamātautau waku hurihuri hei whakatauira i ngā āhuatanga kakahu o te ao tūturu, tae atu ki te mirimiri i ia rā, te pao puehu me te waku pa tonu mō te wā roa.

He whānuitia te whakamahinga mō ngā paninga mata hiko, ngā kiriata kirihou, ngā paparanga tākai kua tāia me ngā wāhanga whakapaipai taputapu kāinga, he whakamātautau tutukitanga taketake tēnei paerewa mō te whakaurunga ki te mākete o Amerika Te Raki, te tiwhikete hua Amazon me ngā tirotiro kounga hou a ngā kaiwhakarato mō ngā waitohu o Amerika.

Ko te ASTM D2794 te tikanga whakamātautau mō te aromatawai i te ātete pānga me te roa o te whakarerekētanga o ngā paninga waro. He rerekē i ngā whakamātautau pakū e hangai ana ki te waku tuku iho, e arotahi ana ki te mahi paninga i raro i te pānga ohorere me te whakarerekētanga ā-mīhini. Kua waiho hei paearu whakahaere kounga nui mō ngā paninga ahumahi, ngā wāhanga motuka me ngā ahumahi whakaoti mata whakarewa.

E ai ki ngā paearu tutuki, ka kiia he paninga he mea tika mēnā kāore he ngatata, he kiri, he wehewehe, he whakakitenga rānei o te papa i muri i te rerekētanga paerewa o te pānga. Mēnā he kino o te paninga e kitea ana i raro i te kawenga pānga kua tohua, ka kore e angitu te hua whakamātautau.

Ko te DIN 5316 he paerewa mana Tiamana i hangaia mō ngā rauemi ngohengohe me ngā rauemi ngāwari, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te tiwhikete hua o te EU. E pā ana ki te whānuitanga o ngā rauemi pēnei i te rapa, ngā kirihou ngāwari, ngā paninga ngohengohe, te hiako me ngā mea hanga kakahu.

Ka whakamahia e tēnei whakamātautau te waku whakahurihuri raina pēhanga-iti hei whakatauira i te ngenge waku me te kakahu piko auau e pā ana ki ngā hua ngāwari i te whakamahinga tūturu. He paerewa tirotiro whakahau tēnei mō ngā taputapu kāinga kua whakamanahia e te EU, ngā roto ngohengohe o ngā motuka me ngā rauemi takai ngāwari.

He mea nui te whiriwhiri i te paerewa whakamātautau pakū tika i runga i ngā āhuatanga rauemi me ngā rohe hokohoko e whai ake nei mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te mākete o te ao. He rerekē rawa ngā tikanga whakamātautau me ngā horopaki tono o ASTM D3420, ASTM D2794 me te DIN 5316, ā, kāore e taea te whakawhiti. Mā te whiriwhiri paerewa tika ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakarite i ngā tikanga whakahaere kounga, te whakakore i ngā mōrearea tiwhikete, me te whakarei ake i te whakataetae hua i te mākete o te ao.