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Igumbi lovavanyo lokuguga kwemozulu ye-UV lolunye uhlobo lwezixhobo zovavanyo lokulinganisa ukukhanya elangeni. Linokuphinda livelise umonakalo obangelwe yimvula nombethe. Izixhobo zivavanywa ngokubeka izinto eziza kuvavanywa kumjikelo olawulwayo wokukhanya kwelanga kunye nokufuma kunye nokunyusa ubushushu. Izixhobo zisebenzisa izibane ze-ultraviolet fluorescent ukulinganisa ilanga, kwaye zinokulinganisa isiphumo somswakama ngokufutha okanye ngokutshiza.

Kuthatha iintsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa kuphela ukuba isixhobo siphinde sivelise umonakalo othatha iinyanga okanye iminyaka ukuba ube ngaphandle. Umonakalo ubandakanya ikakhulu ukutshintsha kombala, ukutshintsha kombala, ukwehla kokukhanya, ukucola, ukuqhekeka, ukufiphala, ukuqhekeka, ukuncipha kwamandla, kunye nokubola. Idatha yovavanyo ebonelelwa zizixhobo inokuba luncedo ekukhetheni izinto ezintsha, ekuphuculeni izinto ezikhoyo, okanye ekuvavanyeni utshintsho lokwakheka oluchaphazela ukuqina kweemveliso. Izixhobo zinokuqikelela utshintsho oluza kuhlangabezana nalo imveliso ngaphandle.

Nangona i-UV ibangela i-5% kuphela yokukhanya kwelanga, yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukuba ukuqina kweemveliso zangaphandle kunciphe. Oku kungenxa yokuba impendulo ye-photochemical yokukhanya kwelanga iyanda ngokuncipha kobude be-wavelength. Ke ngoko, xa ulinganisa umonakalo wokukhanya kwelanga kwiimpawu zomzimba zezinto, akufuneki uvelise yonke i-spectrum yokukhanya kwelanga. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kufuneka ulinganise ukukhanya kwe-UV kwegagasi elifutshane. Isizathu sokuba isibane se-UV sisetyenziswe kwi-UV accelerated weather tester kukuba zizinzile kunezinye iityhubhu kwaye zinokuvelisa iziphumo zovavanyo ngcono. Yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokulinganisa impembelelo yokukhanya kwelanga kwiimpawu zomzimba ngokusebenzisa izibane ze-UV ezikhanyayo, ezifana nokuwa kokukhanya, ukuqhekeka, ukuxobuka, njalo njalo. Kukho izibane ezahlukeneyo ze-UV ezikhoyo. Uninzi lwezi zibane ze-UV zivelisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, okungabonakaliyo kunye nokukhanya kwe-infrared. Umahluko ophambili wezibane ubonakala kumahluko kumandla e-UV apheleleyo aveliswayo kuluhlu lwazo lwe-wavelength. Izibane ezahlukeneyo ziya kuvelisa iziphumo zovavanyo ezahlukeneyo. Indawo yokusetyenziswa kokukhanya inokubonisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesibane se-UV ekufuneka sikhethwe.

I-UVA-340, ukhetho olufanelekileyo lokulinganisa imisebe yelanga ye-ultraviolet

I-UVA-340 inokulinganisa i-solar spectrum kuluhlu olubalulekileyo lwamaza amafutshane, oko kukuthi, i-spectrum enoluhlu lwamaza angama-295-360nm. I-UVA-340 inokuvelisa kuphela i-spectrum yamaza e-UV anokufunyanwa elangeni.

UVB-313 yovavanyo lokukhawulezisa oluphezulu

I-UVB-313 inokubonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ngokukhawuleza. Basebenzisa ii-UV ezimfutshane ezinobude obude ezinamandla kunezo zifumaneka emhlabeni namhlanje. Nangona ezi zibane ze-UV ezinde kakhulu kunamaza endalo zinokukhawulezisa uvavanyo kakhulu, ziya kubangela umonakalo ongaguqukiyo nowokwenyani kwezinye izinto.

Umgangatho uchaza isibane se-ultraviolet esikhanyayo esikhupha ngaphantsi kwe-300nm ngaphantsi kwe-2% yamandla okukhanya apheleleyo, adla ngokubizwa ngokuba sisibane se-UV-A; isibane se-ultraviolet esikhanyayo esikhupha ngaphantsi kwe-300nm sikhulu kune-10% yamandla okukhanya apheleleyo, adla ngokubizwa ngokuba sisibane se-UV-B;

Uluhlu lwamaza e-UV-A yi-315-400nm, kwaye i-UV-B yi-280-315nm;

Ixesha lezinto ezivezwa kumswakama ngaphandle linokufikelela kwiiyure ezili-12 ngosuku. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba isizathu esiphambili sale ngqele yangaphandle ngumbethe, hayi imvula. Umvavanyi wemozulu okhawulezileyo we-UV ulinganisa isiphumo somswakama ngaphandle ngothotho lwemigaqo eyahlukileyo yokufuma. Kumjikelo wokufuma wezixhobo, kukho itanki yokugcina amanzi ezantsi kwebhokisi kwaye ifudunyezwe ukuvelisa umphunga wamanzi. Umphunga oshushu ugcina umswakama ohambelanayo kwigumbi lovavanyo kwi-100 ekhulwini kwaye ugcina ubushushu obuphezulu. Imveliso yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba isampuli yovavanyo yenza udonga olusecaleni lwegumbi lovavanyo ukuze umva wesixhobo sovavanyo uvezwe emoyeni ongaphakathi. Isiphumo sokupholisa somoya wangaphakathi sibangela ukuba ubushushu bomphezulu wesixhobo sovavanyo buwehle buye kwinqanaba elingaphantsi kwamaqondo obushushu bomphunga. Ukubonakala kwalo mahluko wobushushu kukhokelela kumanzi olwelo aveliswa kukufuma kumphezulu wesampuli ngexesha lonke lomjikelo wokufuma. Olu bushushu ngamanzi acocekileyo azinzileyo. Amanzi acocekileyo aphucula ukuphindaphinda kovavanyo kwaye aphephe ingxaki yamabala amanzi.