Nhau

Munyika yekuongorora zvinhu, kunyanya machira nependi, kunzwisisa kusasimba kwekukwesha kwakakosha. Apa ndipo panowanikwa michina yekuongorora kukwesha (inozivikanwawo semichina yekuongorora kupfeka kanamuchina wekuyedza unokwesha) pinda. Michina iyi yakagadzirirwa kuongorora kugona kwechigadzirwa kutsungirira kukweshana nekupfekwa, izvo zvakakosha pakuona kuti zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogara kwenguva refu uye kugara kwenguva refu.

ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) yakagadzira mitemo yakati wandei yekutungamira kuyedzwa kwekukwesha. Mitemo miviri inozivikanwa ndeyeASTM D2486 neASTM D3450, iyo inotarisa pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuyedzwa kwekukwesha.

Maitiro eASTM anonyanya kushanda pakuyedzwa kwako kwekukwesha anosanganisira:

ASTM D2486- Iyi ndiyo nzira yekuyedza kuyera kuramba kwependi pakukukurwa kunokonzerwa nekukwesha.

ASTM D3450- Iyi ndiyo nzira yakajairika yekuyedza hunhu hwekugezesa kwemukati memadziro ekuvaka.

ASTM D4213- Iyi inzira yakajairika yekuedza kuramba kwependi pakukwesha nekuderedza uremu.

ASTM D4828- Iyi ndiyo nzira yakajairika yekuyedza yekugeza machira eorganic.

ASTM F1319- Iyi inzira yekuyedza yakajairika inotsanangura maitiro ekuona huwandu hwemufananidzo unotamisirwa pamusoro pejira jena nekukwesha.

ASTM D2486 imhando yakagadzirirwa kuyera kuramba kwependi kana ngura. Bvunzo iyi inonyanya kukosha kuvagadziri vekupenda nekuputira nekuti inotevedzera kupera nekupwanyika kunoitika mumashandisirwo chaiwo. Bvunzo iyi inosanganisira kukwesha pamusoro pependi (kazhinji nechinhu chakatarwa) kuti vaone kugona kwependi kana kukuvara. Mhedzisiro yacho inopa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pekugara kwenguva refu kwependi, zvichibatsira vagadziri kuvandudza mafomura uye kuona kuti zvigadzirwa zvavo zvinosangana nezvinodiwa nevatengi.

ASTM D3450, kune rumwe rutivi, inobata nekugona kugezwa kwezvipfeko zvemukati meimba. Mutemo uyu unokosha pakuongorora kuti nzvimbo inogona kucheneswa zviri nyore sei pasina kukuvadza chipfeko. Kuedza kunosanganisira kushandisa mushonga wekuchenesa chaiwo uye kukwesha nzvimbo kuti uone kuramba kwepurasitiki pakukwesha uye kugona kwayo kuchengetedza chitarisiko chayo nekufamba kwenguva. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune zvipfeko zvinoshandiswa munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda kana nzvimbo dzinoda kucheneswa nguva nenguva, dzakadai sekicheni nedzimba dzekugezera.

ASTM D2486 neASTM D3450 zvose zvinosimbisa kukosha kwekushandisa muchina wekuyedza kukwesha kuti zviitwe nemazvo bvunzo idzi. Michina iyi ine zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudzora mamiriro ebvunzo, zvichiita kuti pave nemhedzisiro yakavimbika uye inodzokororwa. Nekushandisa muchina uyumuchina wekuyedza unokwesha, vagadziri vanogona kunzwisisa zvakadzama mashandiro ezvigadzirwa zvavo uye kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo nezvekugadzirisa maitiro kana kuvandudza zvigadzirwa.

Pamusoro pemitemo iyi yeASTM, mashandisirwo emidziyo yekuedza kukwesha haagumiri pakupenda nekuputira chete. Maindasitiri akadai semotokari, ndege, nekuvaka anovimbawo nekuyedza kukwesha kuti vaone kugara kwenguva refu kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvavo. Semuenzaniso, michina iyi inogona kushandiswa kuongorora mashandiro emidziyo yekudzivirira pamotokari kana kuramba kupfeka kwezvinhu zvepasi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvinosangana nezvinodiwa neindasitiri uye zvinodiwa nevatengi.

ASTMmitemo yekuongorora kukwesha, kunyanya ASTM D2486 neASTM D3450, zvinoita basa rakakosha pakuongorora kugara kwenguva refu kwependi nependi. Kushandisa muchina wekuyedza kukwesha kwakakosha pakuita bvunzo idzi zvinobudirira, zvichipa vagadziri ruzivo rwavanoda kuti vavandudze zvigadzirwa zvavo. Sezvo indasitiri ichiramba ichikoshesa mhando nehupenyu, kukosha kwekuyedza kukwesha kuchawedzera, zvichiita kuti zviyero izvi nemichina yekuyedza ive maturusi akakosha mune zvesainzi yezvinhu neinjiniya.