Nkhani

Mu dziko la kuyesa zipangizo, makamaka zokutira ndi utoto, kumvetsetsa kukana kukanda n'kofunika kwambiri. Apa ndi pomwe makina oyesera kukanda (omwe amadziwikanso kuti makina oyesera kuvala kapenamakina oyesera okhwima) kulowa. Makina awa adapangidwa kuti awone momwe chinthucho chimatha kupirira kukangana ndi kuwonongeka, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana zizikhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wolimba.

ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) yapanga miyezo ingapo yotsogolera kuyesa kukanda. Miyezo iwiri yodziwika bwino ndi ASTM D2486 ndi ASTM D3450, yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri mbali zosiyanasiyana zoyesera kukanda.

Miyezo ya ASTM yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri poyesa kukanda ndi monga:

ASTM D2486- Iyi ndi njira yoyesera yoyezera kukana kwa utoto ku kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa chotsuka.

ASTM D3450- Iyi ndi njira yoyesera yodziwika bwino yoyezera momwe zokutira mkati mwa nyumba zimatsukidwira.

ASTM D4213- Iyi ndi njira yokhazikika yoyesera kukana kwa utoto pochepetsa thupi chifukwa cha kukanda.

ASTM D4828- Iyi ndi njira yoyesera yokhazikika yoyezera kusambitsa bwino zophimba zachilengedwe.

ASTM F1319- Iyi ndi njira yoyesera yokhazikika yomwe imafotokoza njira yodziwira kuchuluka kwa chithunzi chomwe chasamutsidwira pamwamba pa nsalu yoyera popaka.

ASTM D2486 ndi muyezo womwe wapangidwa makamaka kuti uyese kukana kwa zokutira kuti zisawonongeke. Kuyesaku ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa opanga utoto ndi zokutira chifukwa kumatsanzira kuwonongeka ndi kung'ambika komwe kumachitika m'malo enieni. Kuyesaku kumaphatikizapo kutsuka pamwamba pake (nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zinazake zokwawa) kuti adziwe momwe zokutirazo zingatetezere kuwonongeka. Zotsatira zake zimapereka chidziwitso chofunikira pa kulimba kwa zokutirazo, kuthandiza opanga kukonza mapangidwe ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zawo zikugwirizana ndi zomwe ogula amayembekezera.

Kumbali inayi, ASTM D3450 imagwira ntchito yokhudza kusambitsa bwino zophimba mkati mwa nyumba. Muyezo uwu ndi wofunikira poyesa momwe malo angayeretsedwere mosavuta popanda kuwononga zophimbazo. Kuyesa kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotsukira yeniyeni ndikutsuka pamwamba kuti muwone ngati chophimbacho chili cholimba ku zotupa komanso kuthekera kwake kosunga mawonekedwe ake pakapita nthawi. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa zophimba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe anthu ambiri amadutsa kapena malo omwe amafunika kutsukidwa pafupipafupi, monga kukhitchini ndi m'zimbudzi.

ASTM D2486 ndi ASTM D3450 zonse zikugogomezera kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito choyesera kukanda kuti muchite mayesowa molondola. Makinawa ali ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zowongolera momwe mayeso amachitikira, kuonetsetsa kuti zotsatira zake ndi zodalirika komanso zobwerezabwereza. Pogwiritsa ntchitomakina oyesera okhwima, opanga amatha kumvetsetsa bwino momwe zinthu zawo zimagwirira ntchito ndikupanga zisankho zolondola pankhani yosintha kapangidwe kake kapena kusintha kwa zinthu.

Kuwonjezera pa miyezo iyi ya ASTM, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyesera kukanda sikungokhudza utoto ndi zophimba zokha. Makampani monga magalimoto, ndege, ndi zomangamanga amadaliranso kuyesa kukanda kuti awone kulimba kwa zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzinthu zawo. Mwachitsanzo, makina awa angagwiritsidwe ntchito poyesa momwe zophimba zoteteza zimagwirira ntchito pamagalimoto kapena kukana kuwonongeka kwa zipangizo zapansi kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikukwaniritsa miyezo yamakampani komanso zofuna za ogula.

ASTMmiyezo yoyesera mikwingwirima, makamaka ASTM D2486 ndi ASTM D3450, zimathandiza kwambiri poyesa kulimba kwa utoto ndi zokutira. Kugwiritsa ntchito makina oyesera kukanda ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mayesowa bwino, kupatsa opanga deta yomwe akufunikira kuti akonze zinthu zawo. Pamene makampani akupitilizabe kuyika patsogolo khalidwe ndi moyo wautali, kufunika koyesa kukanda kudzangowonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti miyezo iyi ndi makina oyeserawa akhale zida zofunika kwambiri pa sayansi ya zida ndi uinjiniya.